[2023-05-31]Quora话题：为什么和中国相比，印度不发达？

Ram Shan Former Retired Engineers at Building Certifiers
China used to have an inefficient feudal system until the communist rule overthrew the feudal system. It also helped in the administration of the country. There are other important factors connected with the geopolitics of Asia which helped China progress rapidly. It will be a subject in another space.
India on the other hand continues to have an old social system including the caste system. Brittish ruled for two hundred years without modernising Indian social system. Under the present pseudo democracy the the regional, linguistic, relgious and caste differences have been intensified preventing the rulers from focusing on the economy, education, health infrastructure etc. Despite India sitting in the middle of Indian Ocean, India will find it difficult to follow in China’s footsteps.
I believe that the smart Chinese would have figured out that in the long run the only country that can come anywhere near to challenge China will be India. India also has a long border with China. Therefore the India China relationship in the near term will not be smooth. It is hard to predict the long term effect at this point.

【回答】前退休工程师 建筑认证机构
中国以前的封建制度效率低下，直到共产党统治推翻了封建制度。这也有助于国家的管理。还有其他与亚洲地缘政治相关的重要因素促进了中国的迅速发展。这就是另外一个话题了。
另一方面，印度还保持着包括种姓制度在内的旧社会制度。英国统治了200年，却没有对印度的社会制度进行现代化改革。在现在的伪民主政体统治下，地区、语言、宗教和种姓差异加剧，让统治者无法专注于经济、教育、卫生基础设施等方面。尽管印度位于印度洋中部，但印度会发现很难跟上中国的脚步。
我相信聪明的中国人都会明白，从长远来看，唯一能够接近中国、挑战中国的国家会是印度。印度与中国的边界也很长。因此，印中关系近期内不会平稳发展。目前很难预测长期的影响。
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Kow Teng Wong
According to Jayant Bhandari, it will take India 130 years to catch up with China.
What’s your view on his statement?

【回复】根据 Jayant Bhandari 的说法，印度需要130年才能赶上中国。
你怎么看待他的说法？

Ben Ong
Best not to indulge on this topic as not to inflamed their ultra nationalistic elements.

【回复】最好不要太沉溺于这个话题，以免激起他们极端的民族主义分子。

Kow Teng Wong
Agree. Thanks for the reminder.

【回复】同意。谢谢提醒。
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KokHin Lim Lives in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Let me be very honest.
China’s infrastructure is in the 21st century India is still in the 20th century.
China’s focus is on productivity, efficiency and effectiveness, India’s focus is politics and rights.
China is single minded to never again face the century of humiliation, India got de-factor colonised.
China got out of catch 22 over population and inability to provide, India stayed on poor.
China took out 60% or 800 million desperately poor India took out 10% at best.
China took the effective measures to be prosperous India got allowed the rules based order to slow them.
China educate and retrained its people India left too many people behind.
China’s government is all business and India’s. Government is mainly politics.
Chinese benefits from Confucianism on discipline, hard work education, India hindered by caste system.
1.4 billion Chinese used one writing while one 1.4 billion Indians use hundreds of languages!

【回答】住在马来西亚吉隆坡
我实话实说吧。
中国的基础设施处于21世纪，印度仍然停留在20世纪。
中国专注于生产力、效率和效益，印度专注于政治和权利。
中国专注于永远摆脱百年耻辱，印度则沦为非正式殖民地。
中国摆脱了人口过剩和供给不足的两难局面，印度依然贫困。
中国减少了60％或8亿的极端贫困人口，印度最多只减少10％。
中国采取了有效措施实现繁荣，印度被规则制约减缓自己。
中国教育和重新培训其人民，印度让太多的人落下了。
中国的政府是商业化取向，印度的政府是政治化取向。
中国人受益于儒家的纪律，勤奋的教育，印度受到种姓制度的阻碍。
14亿中国人使用一种文字，14亿印度人使用数百种语言！

These 10 reasons harm and hurt the Indians progress. Indian has rich culture and are equally intelligent and capable with a few thousand years old rich culture and civilisation like the Chinese.
But post Congress party pragmatism and a more independent from the west stance has progressed India by leaps and bounds. India must have the courage and conviction to say no to the west and to insist on putting India first. First step get out if QUAD. It hurt you, it cost you and it benefit only the U.S. Focus on Indian.
My advise to India, eradicate caste system, improve communication and infrastructure and never allow the west to hold you back. Use them not let them use you. If anything push for UK reparations for the 156 trillion theft during colonialism.
India and China alone will be 50% of world’s economy by 2075. Westerners should learn Mandarin and Hindi to progress and benefit from this change. No amount of containment will change this. Decoupling will speed up this phenomenon by a decade! Live with it and be our equal partner!

这10个原因伤害和阻碍了印度人的进步。印度有着丰富的文化，和中国一样有着几千年悠久的文化和文明。
但是国大党之后的实用主义以及更加独立于西方的立场，使印度取得了长足进步。印度必须要有勇气和信念，对西方说不，并坚持把印度放在首位。第一步，退出QUAD。它伤害了你自己，让你付出代价，只会让美国受益。
我对印度的建议是，根除种姓制度，改善沟通和基础设施，永远不要让西方阻碍你。利用他们，而不是让他们利用你。如果可以的话，推动英国赔偿156万亿在殖民主义期间的盗窃。
到2075年，仅印度和中国就将占到世界经济总量的50%。西方人应该学习普通话和印地语，以取得进步并从这一变化中受益。再多的遏制也改变不了这一点。脱钩会使这种现象加速十年！接受现实，让我们成为平等的伙伴！
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Chien-Sheng Tsai
India and Indians must follow the path taken by the Chinese, not blindly follow the Western way and the bogus democracy.

【回复】印度和印度人必须走中国人走过的道路，而不是盲目跟随西方的道路和虚伪的民主政体。

Tao Yongchun
Don't learn from China's way of governing the country.
Learn the idea of Chinese governance.
Chinese leaders have reiterated countless times that each country should develop a political system that suits its own national conditions. rather than following blindly.
So, India wants to solve development problems. Don't learn the Western model, and don't learn the Chinese model. Instead, create a model with its own characteristics that suits India's national conditions.

【回复】不要学习中国的治国之道。而是学习中国的治国理念。
中国无数次重申，每个国家都应该发展适合自己国情的政治制度。而不是盲从。
所以，印度要想解决发展问题。就不要学习西方模式，也不要学习中国模式。相反，要创造出一种具有自身特色的、适合印度国情的模式。

Paul Poh
Let them be happy and contented being the world's biggest democratic country. While the rest of the world overtake them.

【回复】让他们作为世界上最大的民主国家而感到幸福和满足吧，而世界其他国家将超过他们。

Haniff Ashburn
Indeed the countdown has begun, the kids and grandkids of Anglo Saxon UK and the Anglo American will soon learn Mandarin and Hindi. They will learn to kowtow to the new colour of Asian.

【回复】事实上，倒计时已经开始，英国盎撒人和美国盎格鲁人的后代很快就会学习普通话和印地语。他们将学会向亚洲的新肤色卑躬屈膝。

Siewling Loh
India is repaying UK back through reverse colonailisation.
The current Prime Minister of the Republic of Ireland is Leo Varadkhar, whose father is Indian from Mumbai. Varadkhar is also the first openly gay PM of Ireland.
So, in the United Kingdom, we hv an Indian PM for England (Rishi Sunak), a Pakistani PM for Scotland (Humza Yusaf) & an Indian PM for the Republic of Ireland. All that is needed now is to hv either an Indian or Pakistani PM for Wales & Northern Ireland to complete the reverse colonisation of the UK.

【回复】印度正通过反向殖民化来回报英国。
现任爱尔兰共和国总理是利奥-瓦拉德卡尔，他的父亲是来自孟买的印度人。瓦拉德卡尔也是爱尔兰第一位公开同性恋身份的总理。
所以，在英国，我们有一位负责英格兰的印度总理(里希·苏纳克)，一位代表苏格兰的巴基斯坦总理(胡姆扎·尤萨夫)，以及一位代表爱尔兰共和国的印度总理。现在所需要的只是一个印度或巴基斯坦的威尔士和北爱尔兰总理来完成英国的反向殖民。

Already the following Pakistanis are Mayors:
Munir Ahmed – Mayor of the London Borough of Ealing 2021-22.
Shiraz Mirza – Honorary Alderman and First Asian Mayor of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in 2000 and again in 2007. ...
Rokhsana Fiaz – Labour Party politician serving as Mayor of Newham.
Sadiq Khan – elected Mayor of London in May 2016.
And Chicken Tikka Masala is now the favourite food in Britain... It is widely considered the country's national dish, and in 2001 British Foreign Secretary Robin Cook gave a speech in which he hailed _chicken tikka masala_ as a symbol of modern multicultural Britain..! Next ..Wales and Northern Ireland.!??

下面这些巴基斯坦人已经是市长了：
穆尼尔-艾哈迈德——2021-2022年伦敦伊灵区市长。
希拉兹-米尔扎——2000年和2007年荣誉市议员和第一任亚裔泰晤士河畔京士顿区市长...
罗赫萨娜-菲亚兹——现任纽汉市市长的工党政治家。
萨迪克-汗——2016年5月当选伦敦市长。
咖喱鸡肉现在是英国人最喜欢的食物... 它被广泛认为是这个国家的国菜，2001年英国外交大臣罗宾·库克在一次演讲中称赞咖喱鸡肉是现代多元文化英国的象征... ！下一个... 威尔士和北爱尔兰！？？

Ty Homes
It will only conplete once the jewel of India on the crown is returned to its motherland.

【回复】只有当皇冠上的印度宝石回到它的祖国后，才是任务完成。

David Clarke
Corruption in government is what holds back a country. I can't imagine how India is going to do it especially when it is estimated that many Congress members have had criminal records or court cases pending.

【回复】政府腐败是阻碍一个国家发展的因素。我无法想象印度要怎么做才能清除腐败，尤其是据估计，许多国会议员都有犯罪记录或悬而未决的法庭案件。

Shweta Singh
Eastern part imposing their language on others will make them go on the same path as Westerners .

【回复】东方人把自己的语言强加给别人，会使他们走上与西方人同样的道路。

Richard Leong
What's holding back India is lack of infrastructure, the continued existence of the caste system, and being the biggest democracy in the world.

【回复】阻碍印度发展的是：基础设施的缺乏、种姓制度的持续存在，以及作为世界上最大的民主国家。

Tao Yongchun
China understood the importance of unification as early as 2,000 years ago during the reign of Emperor Qin Shihuang. Not just a unified country. There is also a unified language, a unified scrlpt, a unified weight and measure, a unified law, a unified axle length, and a unified road specification.
The variety of languages and characters can hinder the development of a country. Therefore, Western countries are keen to encourage developing countries to preserve language and scrlpt diversity. This is what they want.

【回复】早在两千年前秦始皇统治时期，中国就明白统一的重要性。不仅仅是一个统一的国家。还有统一的语言、统一的文字、统一的度量衡、统一的法律、统一的车轴长度和统一的道路规范。
语言和文字的多样性会阻碍一个国家的发展。因此，西方国家热衷于鼓励发展中国家保护语言和文字的多样性。这就是他们想要的。

Qiu Fusheng
very wise and logical comments; worth to read.

【回复】答主非常明智和有逻辑的评论，值得一读。

Paul Poh
India love to brag they are the world's biggest democracy. Democracy is a curse, they slow down the country progress.

【回复】印度喜欢吹嘘他们是世界上最大的民主国家，而西式民主是一个诅咒，它们拖累了国家的进步。

Steven Qian
China treats India as a normal country, India treats China as a hostile country. So it is better do not compare the two countries, your 10 reasons makes Indian people uncomfortable, that is not Chinese way. Chinese never compare China to other country.

【回复】中国把印度当作正常的国家，而印度把中国当作敌对的国家。所以最好不要比较这两个国家，你的10点理由让印度人无所适从，那不是中国人的做法。中国人从不把中国和其他国家做比较。

Sriram Uma Chadalavada
Yes India and China together can be like France and Germany today(world giants and important enough on their own that even US heeds to them), but complete border issue needs to be resolved to both parties satisfaction. Multiple languages are an Indian strength, we are different from China in this regard, so please mind your business on that issue. Collecting reparations from UK make sense for the most impoverished Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and maybe Chattisgarh, Orissa which were exploited most during colonial rule.

【回复】是的，印度和中国一起可以像今天的法国和德国一样(世界巨人，它们自身的重要性甚至足以让美国需要它们)，但是完整的边界问题需要双方都得到满意的解决。多种语言是印度的强项，我们在这方面与中国不同，所以在这个问题上请不要多管闲事。对于印度最贫困的比哈尔邦、贾坎德邦、北方邦、中央邦，也许还有查提斯加尔邦、奥里萨邦这些在殖民统治时期被剥削得最厉害的邦，向英国收取赔偿金是有意义的。

KokHin Lim
Sriram you have a right to have your opinion and so do I. My honest opinion is Indian must see the forest from the tree. The west wants India to talk about the tree. Because it benefit the west. It don’t benefit China and India. Just as the British divided the Indian Muslims and the Indian Hindu during its colonial era does not benefit the Muslims or the Hindus it benefit the British!
Indian and Chinese have been neighbour for 3000 years and India is still India and China is still China. California and Texas were a part of Mexico. In 75 years of America they become part of America! You need to start not being use by the west. China and India should talk out their issues and find an amicable solution. But meanwhile India can benefit China and China can benefit India in a million ways. Don’t ignore it. Don’t forget the forest.
Border issue is one tree.

【回复】Sriram 你有权发表你的观点，我也一样。我的真实看法是，印度人必须从整体看待事情，而非仅仅关注细节。西方国家希望印度关注细枝末节，因为这符合西方的利益。这对中国和印度都没有好处。正如英国在殖民地时期分裂印度穆斯林和印度教徒一样，这对穆斯林和印度教徒都没有好处，反而对英国人有好处！
印度和中国是三千年的邻居，印度仍然是印度，中国仍然是中国。而加利福尼亚和德克萨斯是墨西哥的一部分。在美国的75年里，他们成为了美国的一部分！你需要开始摆脱西方的利用了。中国和印度应该讨论他们的问题，找到一个友好的解决方案。但与此同时，印度可以使中国受益，中国也可以在无数方面使印度受益。不要忽视这点。别忘了整体。
边境问题只是一个细枝末节。

Xiexie Merhaba
Modern India is an artificial construct of British colonialism. Prior to being established as sovereign entity, it was a fractured conglomeration of various kingdoms and minor fiefdoms. Its claim to disputed territory is tenuous at best but not worth going to war over and can be resolved peacefully.
That said, Indians should understand China will not relinquish rightful territory belonging to them that predates establishment of an Indian state.
Indians also need to to be aware that their supposed US ally will not hesitate to use them as cannon fodder to start proxy war with China as they’re currently doing with Ukraine against Russia.

【回复】现代印度是英国殖民主义人为构建的产物。在作为主权实体建立之前，它是一个由各种王国和小封地组成的破碎的联合体。它对有争议领土的主张顶多是牵强附会，不值得为此发动战争，可以和平解决。
尽管如此，印度人应该明白，中国不会放弃在印度建国之前就属于他们的合法领土。
印度还需要意识到，他们所谓的美国盟友会毫不犹豫地把他们当作炮灰，与中国发动代理人战争，就像他们目前正在利用乌克兰对抗俄罗斯一样。

Charles Bay
Well said, Sriram, and I agree that people should be allowed to speak whatever languages they like to speak but for efficient communication, I am of the opinion that a single official and business language is better than multiple ones. Being a democratic country, India can let its people decide which language they want it to be.
As for the border dispute with China, I have to confess that I don't know much about its history and what's the dispute all about. But to be honest, I don't understand what’s all the fuss about, squabling over a few sq km of unihabitable frozen land. Why can't both sides set aside their pride and approach it with a give-and-take spirit and resolve the dispute like adults.
They can even be blindfolded and draw a line across and it will still make no diffwho win or who lose. Regardless of who gets more or less land, it will still benefit both sides equally.

【回复】说得好，Sriram，我同意应该允许人们说他们喜欢的任何语言，但为了有效的交流，我认为单一的官方语言和商务语言比多种语言要好。作为一个民主国家，印度可以让本国人民自己决定他们希望使用哪种语言。
至于与中国的边界争端，我不得不承认，我不太了解其中的历史，也不知道争端的内容是什么。但说实话，我不明白为什么要大惊小怪，为了几平方公里不适合居住的冻土而争吵。为什么双方不能放下自己的骄傲，以互谅互让的精神来处理这个问题，像成年人一样解决争端呢。
他们甚至可以蒙上眼睛，划出一条线，谁赢谁输没什么区别。无论谁得到更多或更少的土地，对双方都是平等的。

Sriram Uma Chadalavada
Have you been to India Charles? Its like Europe..very multilingual. But for efficiency, India has for decades been using English and most widely spoken Indic language Hindi as the the two official languages of the country. Yes, the border issue needs to be resolved.

【回复】Charles，你去过印度吗？它就像欧洲一样... 非常多的语言。但为了提高效率，印度几十年来一直将英语和最广泛使用的印地语作为国家的两种官方语言。是的，边境问题需要解决。

Charles Bay
I've been to Bangalore on a business trip. Yes, English is very widely used in India and I am aware that it is also one of India's official languages. I understand that in addition to English and Hindi, there are 20 other official languages but how widely are they used in practice, I am not sure.
Apart from having 1000s of years of civilisation, there are many similarities between India and China - a focus in education and career, respect for elders, family values, hospitable towards others… Indian and Chinese people, in general, also have a natural aptitude on the STEM subjects. They are also entrepreneurial and industrious people.
What's holding back India, I think, is its bureaucracy. I was quite taken aback when my hotel invoice came to almost three pages long when I checked out of my hotel in Bangalore.

【回复】我去过班加罗尔出差。是的，印度广泛使用英语，我知道它也是印度的官方语言之一。我知道除了英语和印地语之外，还有20种其他的官方语言，但我不确定它们在实践中使用的范围有多广。
除了拥有一千年的文明历史，印度和中国还有许多相似之处——重视教育和事业，尊重长辈，家庭价值观，热情好客... 总的来说，印度人和中国人在 STEM 科目上也有天生的才能。他们也是富有创业精神和勤奋的人。
我认为，阻碍印度发展的是它的官僚主义。当我从班加罗尔的酒店退房时，我的酒店发票几乎有三页那么长，这让我非常惊讶。

If India can get rid of its bureaucracy and form fillings, I am sure its productivity will increase many folds.
There is really no lack of talents in India. So, there's no reason why it can't be as good as China in its economic development.
If India and China can put their differences aside and work together, it will benefit the world as a whole.
As a start, India should walk away from QUAD. It is provocative and serves no purpose other than to gang up against China. There may be minor skirmishes at the border in the future, but China will not invade India, or any other country for that matter, for a 1000 years. Unless, of course, it is provoked, which some countries are doing it to China.

如果印度能够摆脱官僚主义和各种繁琐的表格，我相信它的生产力会大大提高。
印度确实不缺人才。所以，在经济发展方面，没有理由不能像中国一样优秀。
如果印度和中国能够搁置分歧，共同努力，这将使整个世界受益。
首先，印度应该退出 QUAD。它是挑衅性的联盟，除了联合起来对抗中国之外没有其他目的。未来中印边境可能会发生小规模冲突，但中国不会入侵印度，也不会入侵任何其他国家，一千年都不会。当然，除非是有人挑衅中国，有些国家就是这样做的。
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Hank Barley Mastered Coding, Then Traveling For Business (1982–present)
Richard Kenneth Eng gave a very good answer and background material to support his answer, which I’m full heartedly agree. I’m just going to focus on the reason why that is.
The biggest factor is that China has a 2000+ years tradition of having a central government regardless of which dynasty. The very existence of a dynasty is the cohesiveness of the government organization. Kings and emperors sometimes took great pain to sacrifice certain subordinates just to ensure their controls and structures were not threaten. So, today outsiders are having a hard time to understand the Chinese governance model and why the people are so supportive (studies shown that the Chinese gave their government the highest rating of all countries). So, what can a strong centralized government that focused on the wellbeing of the country offer? Well, for one major projects that no country can match.

【回答】精通编码，然后商务旅行(1982年-至今)
Richard Kenneth Eng 给出了一个非常好的回答和背景材料，我完全同意。我只想把重点放在原因上。
最大的因素是，中国有两千多年的传统，不管是哪个朝代，都有一个中央政府。王朝的存在本身就是政府组织的凝聚力。君王和皇帝有时会忍痛牺牲某些下属，只是为了确保他们的控制和结构不受威胁。所以，如今外界很难理解中国的治理模式，以及为什么人们这么支持(研究表明，中国人对政府的评价是所有国家中最高的)。那么，一个关注国家福祉的强大中央集权政府，能够提供什么呢？嗯，任何国家都无法比拟的重大项目

World’s best infrastructure:
High speed rails and total mileage of rails
Built most seaports and are most advanced with automated cranes as far as the eyes can see
Best major airports
World’s longest bridge over water and most roads built for the last few decades
Declared a special economic zone then built one of the largest cities (Shenzhen) in a couple of decades on what was farmland, and more SEZs being planned the latest is in Dongbei.
The 3 Gorges Dam (the world’s largest).
The list of accomplishments can go on and on, and there will not be enough space in this forum to cover, such detailed topics like the world’s only complete supply chain. Meanwhile, I kept reading Indian nationalists trumpeting that that they have the world’s largest democracy. Well, democracy or any form of government is not a religion. Even the term democracy is used loosely, and can mean different things in various countries that claim they are a democracy. So, we hear American politicians proclaiming my country is a democracy and they are spreading democracy through the world (color revolutions to destabilize governments), but the US is really a republic. If these Indian nationalists are objective they know there are a lot to be desired on their governance model. We saw troubling developments that basically use “the majority rules” (more like mob rules) to suppress smaller ethnic or religious groups, and these are very significant portions of the population. In summary, India can never hope to match the Chinese achievements since the country lacked cohesiveness to carry out major reforms and build infrastructures that benefit the people as a whole, not just trying to localize resources for a particular city or state. At the same time, China, already have position herself to expand and face whatever political and economic challenges, will be aided by new technologies (AI, data science, quantum computing, and that sort of things) and robotics (ever larger manufacturing scale and sophistications) to keep the economic wheel turning. Objectively speaking I think the train had left the Indian station already and, China short of having to fight a major WW3 level war, India will never be able to catch up.

世界上最好的基础设施：
高速钢轨和铁路总里程

建造了大多数的港口，并且在目力所及之处都有最先进的自动起重机

最好的主要机场

世界上最长的水上桥梁和最近几十年修建的大多数道路

宣布成立经济特区后，在几十年的时间里，在农田上建起了最大的城市之一(深圳) ，并计划在东北建立更多的经济特区。

三峡大坝(世界上最大的大坝)。