[2021-07-03]从火星到月球：中国航天任务背后的国产计算机系统

Whether it is China’s rover on Mars, its space station orbiting the Earth or its moon probe bringing back lunar samples, one little-known system is behind them all.
The core of the Kylin computer operating system has been guarded as a national secret and its use in the country’s space programme has only just been officially confirmed.
Its main codes were written by Chinese military researchers, according to developer China Electronics Corporation (CEC), but it also includes elements of Unix-like software FreeBSD, parts from Linux, and a user interface similar to Windows.
It is a hybrid, like the mythical qilin dragon beast it is named after.
Speaking to state media on the weekend, members of the Kylin development team revealed the role the operating system played in these missions, coordinating communication between artificial intelligence software, human controllers on the ground and all the hardware on board the spacecraft.

无论是中国在火星上的漫游车，环绕地球的空间站，还是带回月球样本的月球探测器，背后都有着一个鲜为人知的系统。
麒麟(Kylin)计算机操作系统的核心已被列为国家机密，其在中国太空计划中的应用刚刚得到官方的确认。
据开发商中国电子信息产业集团公司(CEC)称，其主要代码是由中国军方研究人员编写的，但其中也包括类 Unix 软件 FreeBSD 的元素、 部分来自Linux，以及类似 Windows 的用户界面。
它是一种混合体，就像神话中的麒麟一样，就是以它的名字来命名的。
上周末，麒麟开发团队的成员向官方媒体透露了该操作系统在这些任务中所起的作用，即协调人工智能软件、地面人工控制器和飞船上所有硬件之间的通信。

Until about a decade ago, China, like most other countries, relied on Linux and Windows to drive its space programmes, according to a paper published in domestic journal Space Industry Management last year.
From 2008, China’s space authorities started to replace Western software and hardware in satellites and spacecraft. The process sped up after Edward Snowden’s revelations in 2013 about US hacking activities.
Dan Jianqun, a lead scientist with CEC’s Kylin project, said China had no other choice but to develop its operating system.

根据去年发表在国内期刊《太空工业管理》上的一篇论文，直到大约10年前，中国像其他大多数国家一样，依赖 Linux 和 Windows 来推动其太空计划。
从2008年起，中国航天部门开始在卫星和航天器上替换掉西方的软件和硬件。2013年，爱德华·斯诺登揭露了美国的黑客活动，加快了这一进程。
中电控股麒麟项目首席科学家丹·建群表示，中国别无选择，只能开发自己的操作系统。

“Using other people’s systems, is like building a house on other people’s land. It can be large and beautiful, but it can also be destroyed overnight,” he said in an interview on state television on Sunday.
The transition from western to home-made software was full of challenges, according to some of the software engineers involved.
Liu Jun, a software engineer on the Kylin team, said space missions required not only high security, but reliability and performance.
Liu said Kylin was initially developed for computers on the ground. To go to space, processing times on certain tasks had to be cut to less than a third, he told state television.
“It was as difficult as compressing a packet of biscuits into a few grams without losing any nutrition,” Liu said.

“用别人的系统，就像在别人的土地上盖房子。它可以盖成巨大而美丽的，但也可以在一夜之间被摧毁。”
据一些参与此项目的软件工程师说，从西方软件向国产软件的过渡充满了挑战。
麒麟团队的软件工程师刘军表示，太空任务不仅需要高安全性，还要求可靠性和性能。
刘表示，麒麟系统最初是为地面上的计算机开发的。他告诉国家电视台，为了进入太空，某些任务的处理时间必须缩短到三分之一以下。
他说: “这就像把一包饼干压缩成几克而不损失任何营养一样困难。”

The space mission sometimes also required the operating system to execute a specific task without being distracted by lower priorities, and many codes were written to meet these needs, said Liu.
Kylin’s first tests were demanding. No one had landed on the far side of the moon. And no country had put a rover on Mars without failure.
Liu Hongyu, another Kylin engineer, said the team was under extreme stress when these missions reached a critical stage.
“We were just praying. When the spacecraft landed, the whole building rocked with applause,” he said.
Kylin is now the most widely used operating system in the Chinese government and military, according to previous state media reports.

航天任务有时也要求操作系统在不被其他较低优先级干扰的情况下，执行特定任务，许多代码都是为了满足这些需求而编写的，刘说。
麒麟的第一次测试要求很高。没有一个人在月球的背面着陆。也没有一个国家能不失败地把漫游车送上火星。
另一位麒麟工程师刘宏宇表示，当这些任务达到关键阶段时，团队承受了极大的压力。
他说：“我们只能尽人事听天命了。当航天器着陆时，掌声把整座大楼震动了。”
据之前的官方媒体报道，麒麟系统现在是中国政府和军队中使用最广泛的操作系统。

When its first version was released in 2006, the system came under a lot of criticism for its poor user experience and its lack of compatible software.
But Kylin worked well with domestically developed computer chips such as the Loongson CPU.
As China began replacing Intel chips and Windows systems in the military, government, banks and other sensitive sectors, the Kylin user base grew rapidly.
Any foreign astronauts planning to take up China’s offer to visit its space station will need to learn some Chinese or they will be confused by the characters on the screen of every Kylin device, including the tablets.

当它的第一个版本在2006年发布时，该系统因其糟糕的用户体验和缺乏兼容软件而饱受批评。
但麒麟与国内开发的龙芯CPU等计算机芯片配合得很好。
随着中国开始在军事、政府、银行和其它敏感行业替换掉英特尔芯片和Windows系统时，麒麟的用户群迅速增长。
任何计划接受中国邀请访问其空间站的外国航天员都需要学习一些中文，否则他们会对麒麟设备屏幕上（包括平板电脑）的汉字感到困惑。
------------------

Franklin E.
This is quite a wonderful article. My respect for China keeps soaring high. China's determination to achieve something on their own should be studied in school.
I've been following global news all my life and how China went from being a country talked about only for Kung Fu and Ancient history, to become a country now on every global issue, all under 20-30 years, is second to none.
As a Nigerian, the Chinese are responsible for a lot of construction projects going on in my country and we spend far less on them than we would if we had paid Western nations for those infrastructural projects.
What China needs to do is to work on their Public Relations. They don't have good professional media with global influence so it's easy for America to always present China as an evil nation to the world.
China needs to master propaganda very well like America has.
Thanks to AliExpress, I have been buying nice products for 7 years online and at affordable prices and shipment costs too.
Good luck to you guys.
I can't learn Chinese though cause I don't have Chinese friends to be speaking it with.😂😂

这是一篇相当精彩的文章。我对中国的尊敬与日俱增。中国靠自己取得成就的决心，学校应该以此教导学生。
我一生都在关注全球新闻，中国从一个谈资只有功夫和古代历史的国家，变成了现在在每一项20年到30年的全球性话题，都是首屈一指的国家。
作为一个尼日利亚人，我们国家正在进行的许多建设项目，都是中国的负责的，我们为这些项目付给他们的钱，要比我们付给西方国家的少得多。
中国需要做的是加强他们的公关活动。他们没有具有全球影响力的优秀专业媒体，所以美国很轻易地就把中国抹黑为一个“邪恶”的国家呈现给世界。
中国需要像美国一样很好地掌握宣传。
多亏了全球速卖通，我已经在网上购买了七年的好产品，而且价格合理，运输成本也很低。
祝你们好运，朋友。
但我学不会中文，因为我没有中国的朋友和我用中文交流。

Wai L.
@Franklin E. This is unfortunately true, China is not good at getting it's message across in the English-speaking world. CGTN is clumsy and wooden, even though it has great resources and content. RT does a much better job in terms of presentation to the Anglosphere.

遗憾的是，这是事实，中国并不擅长在英语世界中传达自己的信息。虽然CGTN拥有丰富的资源和内容，但它滞后呆板。在英语圈展示信息方面，RT做得更好。

Skar**@******
@Wai L. RT uses Americans.  That's the main difference

RT使用美国人，这是主要的区别。

Vegetables C.
I'm pretty sure, soon the US will start warning other countries against using Kylin OS for 'security' reasons.

我很确定，美国很快就会警告其他国家出于“安全”原因不要使用麒麟操作系统。

A. Champlin F.
Excellent.  It is only a matter of time until Huawei's Harmony OS replaces Android.

非常好。华为的鸿蒙操作系统取代安卓系统只是时间问题了。

Simon H.
Yes, there are things that one should safeguard

是的，有些东西是需要保护的。

Alenev 0.
You could imagine what China does with its jet fighter Operating System. It is obviously much more reliable and secure.

你可以想象中国的喷气式战斗机操作系统是什么了，它显然更加可靠和安全。

Derek K.
this shows that china is confident enough in their own home grown OS to use it in such important mission.

在这样重要的任务中使用它，这表明了中国对自己国产的操作系统有足够的信心。

KS T.
Good job. 
The foreign ones are implanted with spy ware...

干得好。
外国的被植入了间谍软件...

Wai L.
So, just like the US baulks at using Huawei's 5G, China baulked at using US operating systems a decade ago. The moral of the story being, when it comes to issues of national security, you can't put your trust in other people's technology.

所以，就像美国不愿使用华为的5G 一样，中国在10年前也不愿使用美国的操作系统。这个故事的寓意是，当涉及到国家安全问题时，你不能相信别人的技术。

Lche059
@Wai L. it's probably a modified variant of open source linux...

它可能是开源linux的一个修改版...

Wai L.
@Lche059 You're guessing. If it needed to cope with time-sensitive space parameters, I would have started from scratch and optimised everything.

你就猜吧。如果它需要处理对时间敏感的太空参数，要我的话，会从头开始优化所有代码。

KEE SUAN T.
@Lche059 I believe that you know nothing about it.

我相信你对它一无所知。

Lche059
@Wai L. I was guessing...but i turned out to be right...just google it...it's based on FreeBSD and compatible with linux/unix standard

我是猜的... 但结果证明我是对的... 谷歌一下就知道了... 它基于 FreeBSD 并兼容 Linux/Unix 标准

Lche059
@Wai L. btw It's OS...nothing to do with space mission...it's basically hardware drivers...it's not that hard give that all unix/linux open source codes...space application is built on top that.

顺便说一下，这是操作系统... 与太空任务无关... 基本上是硬件驱动... 考虑到Unix/Linux的源码都是公开的，这并不难... 太空的应用程序是建立在这之上的。

Alenev 0.
@Lche059 Since it is Open source, what is the problem?

既然是开源的，有什么问题吗？

Lche059
@Alenev 0. no problem with the copying as long as they comply with the licence terms...the problem is some people seem to not know that and think they developped it from scratch

只要他们遵守许可证条款，复制没有问题... 问题是有些人似乎不知道，认为他们是从零开始开发的。

India Virus-America Virus
Thanks goodness.  China forsaw the danger of using US's products.  US's santction and ban on selling tech to China and Chinese military don't affect China's military and space program at all. China's leaders are wise.  Edward Snowden is global hero.  Thanks Edward Snowden.

谢天谢地。中国预见到了使用美国产品的危险。美国制裁和禁止向中国和中国军方出售技术，而这根本影响不了中国的军事和太空计划。中国的领导层很明智。爱德华 · 斯诺登是全球英雄。感谢爱德华 · 斯诺登。

同路人 二.
The world only cares about the deliveries.  If it is a more capable system, others will ask to use it.

这个世界只关心运送情况。如果它是一个更有能力的系统，其他人会要求使用它。

Simone Y.
Make sense on critical tech, you own the tech for national development like the space program. The risk of hacking etc still there, but usually with homegrown you know or more aware own flaws and more difficult to be hacked into. Co-operation still needed, but vital system usually are proprietary and home grown

如果你拥有国家发展的技术，比如太空计划，在关键技术上是有意义的。黑客攻击的风险等仍然存在，但通常情况下，使用国产的时候，你知道或者能更清楚自己的问题，也更难被黑客入侵。仍然需要合作，但重要的系统通常是专有和自主开发的。

Patrick N.
The Chinese must have felt vindicated when they found that the Iranian nuclear program was sabotaged by an American software worm.

当中国人发现伊朗的核计划被美国的软件蠕虫病毒破坏时，他们一定觉得自己的做法证明是对的。

Christopher C.
Kylin uses the Linux kernel last I heard. China didn't develop the Linux kernel. Before that, used the FreeBSD kernel. (although I assume there are Chinese contributors, as they are open source projects).
It's no more a from-scratch Chinese operating system than Harmony OS -- which is just an Android fork.

据我所知，麒麟使用的是Linux内核。中国没有开发Linux内核。在此之前，使用的是FreeBSD内核。(尽管我认为也有中国的贡献者，因为它们是开源项目)。
它不是一个从零开始的中国操作系统，就像鸿蒙操作系统，它只是一个安卓的分支。

同路人 二.
Don;t know if it is true.  But then who gives a fig?  Is there code that is truly "from scratch" in any system?  As the Supreme Court ruled many decades ago in Sears Compco, if there is no assertion of enforceable IP rights, it is BENEFICIAL for the world to emulate, as free competition DRIVES DOWN PRICES and benefit the consumers.  CHINA PRICE is most beneficial to human kind.  There is nothing in the scr1iptures that says if you are the first one to have an idea, somehow it is yours forever.  Whatever ideas that exist in the world, unless there are still enforceable rights (patents, copyrights, whatever) AND the claimants are able to enforce such rights in the appropriate courts - otherwise all is fair game, and that is how human race progresses.  On the shoulders of others prior.

不知道这说法是不是真的，但谁会在乎呢？在任何系统中有存在真正“从零开始”的代码？正如最高法院几十年前在西尔斯公司案中裁定的那样，如果没有主张强制执行的知识产权，对全世界来说，模仿是有益的，因为自由竞争拉低了价格，让消费者受益。中国的价格是最有利于人类的。圣经里并没有说“如果你是第一个有这个点子的人，那么这个点子就永远是你的。”无论世界上存在什么点子，除非仍然存在可强制执行的权利(专利权、版权等等) ，而且索赔者能够在适当的法院强制执行这些权利，否则一切都是公平的，这就是人类进步的方式。站在他人的肩膀上。

Patrick N.
@Christopher C. Whether it's originally developed in China or not is besides the point. What is more important is they improvished upon it, made it independent and use it without any fear of American software sabotage. May not be 100% perfect, but the advantages of having it outweigh all other considerations.

它最初是不是在中国开发的，这不是重点。更重要的是他们在这基础上进行了改进，使它独立运行，而不用担心美国软件的破坏。也许不是百分百完美，但是拥有它的好处超过了所有其他的考虑。

Pax P.
@Christopher C. Well better than building on some one's land I guess.

我猜，这总比在别人的土地上盖房子要好得多吧。

V C.
@Christopher C. So who actually started anything from scratch according to you?

那么，有谁真正从零开始做任何事情呢？

India Virus-America Virus
According to your logic, then western nations steal all important printing technology, paper, compass, gun powder from China and yet turn around and bites the hand that feeds it.  Not only that, western nations robbed China's resources and labour too.  Remember, many tech developed by Chinese scientists and engineers living in US.

按照你的逻辑，那么西方国家从中国偷走了所有重要的印刷术，纸张，指南针，火药，然后反过来咬喂它的手。不仅如此，西方国家还掠夺了中国的资源和劳动力。记住，很多科技都是由生活在美国的中国科学家和工程师开发的。

Jenny L.
@Christopher C. China is smart. It did not want to re-invent the wheel. It is better to use a strong platform and repurpose it for your own security and fuctions. There is a Chinese saying - the forefathers planted the trees but it is the decendents that enjoy the shades and the fruits.

中国很聪明。它不希望重新造轮子。最好是使用一个强大的平台，并根据自己的安全和功能重新修改它。中国有一句谚语：前人种树，后人乘凉（祖先栽下树木，后代享受树荫和果实）

Alenev 0.
@Christopher C. You don't know anything about Kylin and here you are making blind comments.

你对麒麟系统一无所知，在这里瞎评论。

Skar**@******
@Christopher C. So then neither is Microsoft Windows or Google Android.

所以，微软的 Windows 和谷歌的安卓系统也不是从零开发。

Galen L.
Here we have yet ANOTHER example of how the completely unprincipled US ruling class wrecks its economy by backstabbing other countries. If the US conducted its affairs honorably, there would be no reason for China to develop domestic alternatives to Windows, Android, Google, and all the rest. These companies lose business, high tech industry in the US is weakened,  and the people lose jobs. A LOT of people should be in jail.

这里我们又有了一个例子，说明了完全没有原则的美国统治阶级是如何暗中伤害其他国家来破坏它们的经济。如果美国光明正大地处理，中国就没有理由开发像Windows、安卓、谷歌以及其他所有的国内替代品。这些公司失去了业务，美国的高科技产业被削弱了，人们丢了工作。很多人应该被关进监狱。

Christopher C.
@Galen L. China hasn't actually developed an alternative to Android. Harmony OS is an Android fork (and it hasn't diverged much at all). Which is fine, that's what the Android Open Source Project is for.

中国实际上还没有开发出安卓的替代品。鸿蒙操作系统是安卓的一个分支(而且没有太大的区别)。这很好，这就是安卓开源项目的作用。

S C.
@Christopher C. So what is your point?

那么，你的观点是什么呢？

Jesse L.
The US has never restricted China from using Microsoft Windows. In fact, Microsoft in 2017 set up an office in Beijing and allowed Chinese officials to review the source code in order to reassure them that there is no security backdoor. And Microsoft specifically created a version of Windows for the Chinese government agencies called the “Windows 10 CMIT”. This version has no bloatware, no tracking, not even telemetry infomation.  So Microsoft bent over backwards to address the Chinese government's concerns. It's an absolute lie that the US government is somehow stopping the Chinese from using their operating systems.

美国从未限制中国使用微软的 Windows 操作系统。事实上，微软在2017年在北京设立了一个办事处，并允许中国官员审查源代码，以便向他们保证没有安全后门。微软专门为中国机构开发了一个 Windows 版本，称为“ Windows 10 CMIT”。这个版本没有臃肿软件，没有跟踪，甚至没有遥测信息。所以，微软竭尽全力解决中国机构的担忧。美国政府在某种程度上阻止中国人使用他们的操作系统，这绝对是个谎言。

Alenev 0.
@Jesse L. Then release Android OS to Huawei!

那么，把安卓操作系统提供给华为吧！

Galen L.
@Jesse L. I never said the US had restricted China's use of Windows. However,it is undeniably true that the US could sanction the use of Windows any time it wishes, creating an unacceptable risk for China.

我从未说过美国限制中国使用 Windows。不过，不可否认的是，美国可以随时限制 Windows 的使用，这给中国带来了不可接受的风险。

Jenny L.
It is a prudent move by China. The US is able to hacked the computers and communications of all their allies because they used US softwares or devices from  Microsoft, Google, Applie, Intel or AMD.  The reason why Huawei 5G is a threat to the US is because if all countries adopt Huawei's 5G technologies then the US will have problem spying on them.

这是中国的一个谨慎之举。美国之所以能够入侵他们所有盟友的计算机和通信系统，是因为他们使用了来自微软、谷歌、苹果、英特尔或 AMD 的美国软件或设备。华为5G之所以对美国构成威胁，是因为如果所有国家都采用华为的5G技术，那么美国就很难监视它们。

Eagles E.
@Jenny L. Spot on! Well said.

说到点子上了，说得好。

India Virus-America Virus
@Jenny L. Besides US's ability to spy on others when using US products, US can ban and sanction other countries to use its products too. China were smart to predict today's trade war which US bans selling tech to China and Chinese military.

美国除了有能力在使用美国产品时监视其他国家，美国还可以禁止和制裁其他国家使用其产品。中国明智地预测了今天的贸易战，美国禁止向中国和中国军方出售技术。

Just P.
OK, China has made great contribution to technolody in the past few decades, but "developing" Kylin OS is not one of them. It is just a fortified version of Linux.

好吧，中国在过去的几十年里对技术做出了巨大的贡献，但是“开发”麒麟操作系统不在其中。它只是一个加强版的Linux。

Panda X.
@Just P. Every tech is built upon a previous tech. To think otherwise is naive. US rockets and space programs were based on stolen German tech. In turn, that tech was taken from China: ''Rockets for military and recreational uses date back to at least 13th-century China.'' - Wiki.

每一项技术都是建立在以前的技术之上。不这么想就太天真了。美国的火箭和太空计划都是基于偷来的德国技术。反过来，这些技术也是从中国引进的“用于军事和娱乐的火箭，可以追溯到至少13世纪的中国。”——维基。

Skar**@******
@Just P. Linux and Unix are open source.  Even Microsoft and Google Android are based on them as well.

Linux 和 Unix 是开源的，甚至微软和谷歌的安卓也是基于它们。

Chweehua L.
Sour grapes

酸葡萄

V C.
@Just P. So is MacOS and many others. What's your point? FreeBSD and Linux have contributors from all around the world but they are just a base.

MacOS和许多其他操作系统也是如此。你想说什么？FreeBSD和Linux有来自世界各地的贡献者，但它们只是基础。

J R.
China is now world number one (1) in everything.
america is Number three Going number Four.

中国现在在所有方面都是世界第一。
美国是第三，接近第四。

Panda X.
US is number one in Covid.

美国是新冠病例数第一。

Jamie N.
US also number 1 in racism and bombing other countries to oblivion and then saying they are doing good, making them also #1 in hypocrisy.

美国在种族主义和轰炸其他国家方面也是第一，然后说他们在做好事，这让他们在虚伪方面也是第一。

同路人 二.
These rights are not a priori, but are merely man made to set up barriers against the developing nations.  Why in the world the IP of rich nations should be respected outside of their own countries, is or should be up to debate.  The more recent Nobel economist, Romer, sings the praises of the free use of knowledge by Man.  Best for development for all, and not just the few with established interests.

这些知识权利并不是先验的，而只是人为设置的针对发展中国家的障碍。在世界上，富裕国家的知识产权为什么在他们自己以外的国家应该得到尊重，这是或者应该是一个有争论的话题。最近的诺贝尔经济学奖得者罗默，大加赞赏人类对知识的自由使用。最好的研究成果是为了所有人，而不仅仅是少数既得利益的人。

abedie**@******
Way to go China!

干得好，中国！

Bill S.
Regardless of the specifics of this technology, what the Chinese have done regarding their space missions is impressive. It's unfortunate the US and China cannot collaborate more due to the lack of trust since Space Exploration is an extremely risky and resource intensive mission.

不管这项技术的具体情况如何，中国在他们的太空任务方面所取得的成就令人印象深刻。遗憾的是，由于信任不足，美国和中国不能进一步合作，因为太空探索是一项极其危险和资源密集型的任务。

J R.
@Bill S. Well said 🙏

说得好

M Y.
China creates Economic and Technological Development zones with the purpose to build up high-tech industries, attracting foreign investment, increasing exports, improve the domestic economy and not depend or rely everything from the west. China today's is no longer the past China before.

中国创建经济技术开发区的目的，是建设高新技术产业，吸引外资，增加出口，改善国内经济，而不是依赖或依赖西方的一切。今天的中国，不再是过去的中国。

J R.
@M Y. Totally agree 👍🏿👍🏿

完全同意

dp**@******
@Post T. Learn the specifics and you can tell the differences between the BRI and the Marshal Plan. There is one similarity: Both will boost the international standing of the main force behind.

了解具体情况，你就能看出一带一路和马歇尔计划的区别。两者有一个相似之处：两者都将推动背后主力的国际地位。

Panda X.
"Any foreign astronauts planning to take up China’s offer to visit its space station will need to learn some Chinese or they will be confused by the characters on the screen of every Kylin device, including the tablets." Well, learning a bit of Chinese will be a rewarding experience to say the least, plus you get to participate in China's future space missions. Furthermore, if you're competent enough to be an astronaut, learning Chinese should be simple enough.

“任何计划接受中国邀请访问其空间站的外国航天员都需要学习一些中文，否则他们会对麒麟设备屏幕上（包括平板电脑）的汉字感到困惑。”嗯，至少可以说，学一点中文是一种有益的经历，而且你还可以参加中国未来的太空任务。此外，如果你有足够的能力成为一名航天员，学习中文应该很简单。

Panda X.
@Post T. Nothing wrong with that. Itès the writing that's important.

没什么不好的，重要的是书写。

Denis L.
@Panda X. Haha... imagine having to use Google translate in space

哈哈... 想象一下在太空中使用谷歌翻译。

Maet moey L.
In 2007, a deal was reached by MIPS Technologies (American fabless semiconductor design company) and ICT (Chinese Academy of Science). STMicroelectronics (French/the West) bought a MIPS license for Loongson, and thus the processor can be promoted as MIPS-based.
As for Kylin, it's Linux based OS originally developed by Linus Torvalds.

2007年，美国无晶圆厂半导体设计公司和中国科学院达成了一项协议。意法半导体公司(法国/西方)为龙芯购买了MIPS许可证，因此，这个处理器可以升级为基于MIPS的处理器。
至于麒麟，它是基于Linux操作系统，这最初由林纳斯·托瓦兹开发。

Baosheng H.
@Maet moey L. Does Linus really want to be a proud of people of you kind? I really doubt so.

莱纳斯真的想为你们这种人感到骄傲吗？我真的很怀疑。

Andrew H.
@Maet moey L. Why not learn from the west? China is very pragmatic. But if this particular type of Kylin is used for top secret projects like military or space, then likely Chinese engineers have modified them a great deal especially the core parts. Don't you think Chinese engineers can do that? Huawei is the top Linux kernel contributors, btw. There'll be no shortage of Chinese engineers who can come up with the whole OS stack from scratch if they must.

为什么不向西方学习？中国非常务实。但是，如果这种特殊类型的麒麟操作系统，被用于像军事或太空这样的绝密项目，那么中国工程师可能已经对其进行了大量的修改调整，尤其是核心部分。你难道不认为中国工程师可以做到？华为是最大的Linux内核贡献者，顺便说一下，如果有必要的话，中国的工程师们可以从头开发出整个操作系统。

Julio D.
Nothing to see here, this is a just a Linux OS, invented in the west through open source initiative and the Chinese contribution has been historically lacking, take everything and contribute a little, China probably developed components and customized it but at the end this is 90% western technology.

这不是什么新鲜的，只是一个Linux操作系统，是西方通过开源倡议发明的，中国人的贡献历来不足，拿走一切，贡献一点，中国可能开发了组件并做了定制，但最终90%是西方技术。

Howcan 2.
@Julio D. If it makes you feel good. Still playing the role of the hare? Anyway, US space program is German in birth. Remember WW2 where the victors enjoyed the spoils of the victory?

如果这让你感觉良好的话。还在扮演兔子的角色吗？不管怎么说，美国的太空计划是诞生自德国人的。还记得二战时，胜利者享受胜利的战利品吗?

Baosheng H.
@Julio D. If you check the pr in Linux repo, you would see that the contribution from Chinese companies to the core code is no less than any other ones. But anyway, how you think doesn't matter at all.

如果你检查 Linux repo的pr，你会发现中国公司对核心代码的贡献不亚于其他任何公司。但不管怎样，你怎么认为的，一点也不重要。

Po P.
@Julio D. Wow, you have seen the code!!!! Amazing.

哇，你已经看到代码了! ! ! ! 太神奇了。

CC H.
@Julio D. If it's 90% western technology, why don't guys like just hack the system for the fun of it?

如果90%是西方技术，为什么一些家伙不干脆为了好玩而黑进系统呢？

Andrew H.
@Julio D. Chinese contributions lacking? Really? Huawei? And also many more who are not associated with their companies

中国人的贡献不足? 认真的？华为呢？还有更多与公司无关的人

John T.
Eventually, China should aim to to make available for free download to users in the rest of the world, operating systems for PCs, laptops, tablets and even phones to replace Windows and Android. Current Linux-based free software,  like Linux Mint, are useful but lack continuing development.

最终，中国应该致力于向世界其他地区的用户提供免费下载的个人电脑、笔记本电脑、平板电脑甚至手机的操作系统，以取代 Windows 和安卓。目前基于 Linux 的免费软件，比如 Linuxmint，很有用，但是缺乏持续的开发。

John T.
Very interesting. More stories about China's software development would be welcome.

非常有趣。更多关于中国软件发展的故事将会受到欢迎。

David S.
The rest of the world will rapidly learn that one cannot trust American software, as Edward Snowden had exposed. Americans are realising that they are prone to ransom hacking, much of it blamed on Russia, while those domestic hackers have free reign to collect their loot.

正如爱德华 · 斯诺登揭露的那样，世界其他国家很快就会明白，人们不能相信美国的软件。美国人开始意识到，他们很容易遭到黑客勒索，其中很大一部分被归咎于俄罗斯，而那些国内的黑客则自由地收集他们的战利品。

Howcan 2.
@David S. I must have missed it. Didn't hear much about the spying among friends in the G7 meeting recently.

我一定是错过了。在最近的七国集团会议上，没有听到很多关于朋友间的间谍活动的消息。

Ivan H.
@Howcan 2. US must have quickly muzzled the news about US spying on her allies using Denmark cables. Credit goes to US media power.

美国肯定是迅速掩盖了关于美国利用丹麦电报对其盟国进行间谍活动的消息。这要归功于美国的媒体力量。

Tony L.
@Howcan 2. It's hardly news that the US spies on the world, as exposed by Snowden in 2012. The US agreed not to spy on allies after that. The recent revelation that Denmark hosts a major US spy infrastructure to spy on allies still shouldn't be any surprise. The US can't be trusted.

斯诺登在2012年揭露的美国对世界的间谍活动，已经不是什么新闻了。此后，美国同意不再监视盟国。最近有消息披露，丹麦有一个主要的美国间谍基础设施，用来监视盟国，这并不意外。美国不可信。

David S.
That also explain why China space program did not fail. American hackers and their proxies would have destroyed all its projects.

这也解释了为什么中国的太空计划没有失败。(如果是用国外的系统)美国黑客和他们的代理人会摧毁所有的项目。

Skar**@******
@David S. Yes fail missile launches using US made GPS pushed China to develop it's own satellite navigation.

是的，使用美国的GPS而导致导弹发射失败，这促使中国发展自己的卫星导航系统。