[2021-04-03]印网友提问：为什么印度不效仿中国，对苏-35和阵风进行逆向工程，然后制造出更便宜的阵风？

Ajoy Roy former Associate Director at Intercontinental Consultants and Technocrats (1996-2006)
Reverse engineering is a complicated affair. Yes you can copy the shape and internals. While that is very easily done with simple objects - toys, clothes and some appliances, there are a host of other issues involved when you attempt to copy advanced and complicated objects.
* Advanced machinery uses advanced materials. You can copy the shape, but what about materials. For that you need a whole infrastructure and design capability.
* Advanced machinery required advanced manufacturing. That involves both machine tools and assembly procedures.
Both the above require your own expertise that comes with R&D and practice, and that takes a lot of effort (both monitory and personnel) as well as time. This is some thing no amount of copying will give you.

【回答】前洲际顾问及技术专家助理总监(1996年-2006年)
逆向工程是一件复杂的事情。是的，你可以复制形状和内部构件。虽然简单的东西——玩具、衣服和一些器具，很容易做到，但当你试图复制高级和复杂的东西时，还涉及到许多其他问题。
* 先进的机器需要先进的材料。你可以复制形状，但是材料呢。为此，你需要完整的基础设施和设计能力。
* 先进的机器需要先进的制造技术，包括机床和装配程序。
上述两点都需要你自己的专业知识，这些专业知识来自于研发和实践，这需要大量的努力(包括监督和人员)以及时间。这是你再怎么复制，也不会得到的东西。

For example
a) India use Russian tanks. The treads are imported from Russia. Why? Because as yet India has not been able to manufacture steel of that particular quality. Indian tank treads last less than half that of Russian treads.
b) Jet engines (and power turbines) use turbine blades. These are now a days made of special ceramic/steel composite and require advanced manufacturing techniques. Very few companies have mastered the design and manufacture of turbine blades.
So yes we can reverse engineer fighter aircraft, but only when we can manufacture critical components to that standard on our own, but then you will not need to reverse engineer, just design and build your own.

例如：
a)印度使用俄罗斯坦克。履带是从俄罗斯进口的。为什么？因为到目前为止，印度还没有能力生产这种特殊质量的钢材。印度坦克履带的寿命不到俄罗斯履带的一半。
b)喷气式发动机(和动力涡轮机)使用涡轮叶片。现在这些都是由特殊的陶瓷/钢复合材料制成的，需要先进的制造技术。很少有公司掌握涡轮叶片的设计和制造。
所以，是的，我们可以对战斗机进行逆向工程，但只有当我们自己能够制造出符合这个标准的关键部件时，你才不需要进行逆向工程，只需要自己设计和制造。

Krishna Kumar
You are thoroughly mistaken.
China does not , has not, reverse engineered anything in the area of jet fighters.
They have agreements with Russia and Ukraine and have legally, legitimately obtained a good amount of technology from them.
And of course, they have done some development on these imported technologies themselves.

【回答】
你完全弄错了。
中国不会，也没有在喷气式战斗机领域进行任何逆向工程。
他们与俄罗斯和乌克兰签订了协议，并合法地从他们那里获得了大量的技术。
当然，他们自己也在这些引进的技术上做了一些改进。

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam Advisor and Tutor at Staff Selection Commission Combined Graduate Level Exam (2021-present)
This Reverse Engineering Business is HIGHLY EXAGGERATED
Its one thing to reverse engineer a Tubelight or a Toy Helicopter.
Its next to impossible to Reverse Engineer a Su-35 or a Rafale. In fact it would require far more talent to reverse engineer these specs than to learn the concepts and do the entire thing from scratch.
Maybe the Design can be copied but there are too many things in an aircraft and its just impossible to split it open and reverse engineer.
Its the same as taking a Coca Cola Drink- reverse engineering the chemicals and percentage and developing Boca Cola. It would be easier to use your own mix of chemicals and improvise till you get a good taste.
Many Experts refute this Reverse Engineering and one Designer of Lockheed Martin - a Top Aircraft Company says Its Impossible to reverse engineer a Fighter. It would cost you more effort and you would need to be far more skilled than to be able to create your own fighter.

【回答】工作人员甄选委员会联合研究生水平考试 顾问和导师(2021年-至今)
这种逆向工程被高度夸大了。
对灯管或者玩具直升机进行逆向工程是一回事。
对苏-35或阵风进行逆向工程几乎是不可能的。事实上，对这些规格进行逆向工程需要的人才远远多于从零开始学习概念和完成整件事的人才。
也许设计可以被复制，但是飞机上的东西太多了，不可能把它拆开或者进行逆向工程。
这就好比拿一瓶可口可乐对其化学成分和比例进行逆向工程，然后开发博卡可乐一样。使用你自己配制的化学成分，然后即兴发挥，直到你尝到好味道为止，这会更容易一些。
许多专家也反驳了逆向工程这说法，洛克希德·马丁公司的一位设计师说，要逆向一架战斗机是不可能的。这会花费你更多的精力，而且你需要比制造自己的战斗机更多的技能。

If it was that easy everyone would be doing it. I mean the Israelis are equally talented so they can simply make their own F-22 Raptor. Singapore could make its own F-18. We could make our own Ferraris.
The bottom line is Reverse Engineering is not so easy and is literally impossible for more advanced designs like Engines or Airframes or Wingtips or Control Guidance Systems.
I think China just likes the world to think they reverse engineer when in reality i think they send students, learn the fundamentals, try, try and try and finally succeed.
Sure people say the Chinese J-20 looks same as the Raptor etc etc but frankly there are not too many Aerodynamic designs in the world. All Airplanes look vaguely similar to each other.

如果有那么容易，每个人都会这么做了。我的意思是，以色列人同样有天赋，那么，他们可以很容易制造自己的F-22猛禽战斗机。新加坡可以制造自己的F-18。而我们也可以制造自己的法拉利。
归根结底，逆向工程不是那么容易，而且对于更先进的设计，比如发动机、机身、翼尖或者控制导航系统，几乎是不可能的。
我认为中国只是喜欢世界以为他们在进行逆向工程，而实际上，我认为他们是派送学生，学习基础，尝试，尝试，再尝试，最后获得成功。
当然有人说中国的J-20看起来和猛禽等一样，但是坦白地说，世界上没有太多不同的空气动力学设计。所有的飞机看起来都差不多。

One Simple thing - It requires 75000 Parameters to design a Wing for a Fighter. 75,000 Parameters. So can you imagine reverse engineering a Wing????
Even an Architect who copies a design has to get the entire schematics to do the structural engineering. Just give the Architect the design of a building and he simply cannot redesign the building unless he has an unlimited budget. For instance a Brunei Sheikh who wanted a Replica of the White House found his bill would be $ 8.25 Billion which is far more than the White House is valued today
This is because the engineers and architects will have to keep trying various combos and many of them will fail and they have to demolish and start again.

举一个简单的事情：设计一架战斗机的机翼需要75000个参数。75000个参数啊。所以你能想象对机翼进行逆向工程？？？
即使是建筑师复制一个设计，也必须得到整个结构图来做好结构工程。只是给建筑师一个建筑设计，他根本无法简单地重新设计这建筑物，除非他有无限的预算。例如，一位文莱酋长想要一座白宫的复制品，结果他发现账单将达到82.5亿美元，这远远超过今天白宫的估价。
这是因为工程师和建筑师必须不断尝试各种组合，其中会面临许多失败，他们不得不拆除，然后重新开始。
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Abhijeet Singh
There is something, which is called Intellectual Property Law.
A company does it, faces million dollar law suit.
A sovereign nation does it, faces sanctions from UN.
China can do it, because its a permanent member of the UN security council.
As simple as that!

【回复】有一种东西，叫做知识产权法。
一家公司做了，就会面临百万美元的法律诉讼。
一个主权国家做了，就会面临联合国的制裁。
中国可以做，因为它是联合国安理会的常任理事国。
就这么简单！

Anil Bharadwaj
If I have to search keys in my own house, it takes me a few seconds max. Where I would keep the keys, is based on my experience and instances where I got locked out and when I had no key. So the key has to be hidden but at the same time be accessible.
Does my friend who lives in another house know this? No. Obviously where I keep my keys, is based on my experience and is very unique to me.
The same goes with design. People tend to underestimate the thought that goes behind design.
What prompted the manufacturer to fasten a rivet at Point A, no one from the outside knows. But whoever was in the design team, knows. It could have been a lesson from an expensive mistake in development. It could have costed several hundreds of man hours.

【回复】如果我必须要在我自己的房子里找钥匙，最多只需要几秒钟。我会把钥匙放在哪里，是基于我的经验，以及我被锁在外面没带钥匙的例子。所以，钥匙一定是藏起来，但同时又是基本接近的。
我住在另一栋房子的朋友会知道这些吗？不会。显然，我把钥匙放在哪里，是基于我的经验，对我来说是非常独一无二的。
设计也是如此，人们往往低估了设计背后的思想。
是什么促使制造商将铆钉固定在 A 点上，外界没有人知道。但是设计团队中的任何人都知道。这可能是开发过程中一个代价高昂的错误带来的教训。这可能需要花费几百个工时。

With so many design considerations in place, Intellectual Property Rights as such are barely relevant.
It has little to do with membership in Security Council.
If anything, the members of the SC want a powerful ally at the table. Imagine, they dumped Taiwan to get China on board. The same went with Russia. After the USSR crumbled, Ukraine too could have been added in USSR’s place, but no, Russia got it.
Why?
Not being a member is due to lack of power projection and not the other way round. The moment a country can project such power, it will be asked to join the board.
Does an imitation guarantee the same functionality? No.

由于有这么多的设计考虑因素，知识产权本身就显得无关紧要。
这与安理会成员资格几乎没有关系。
如果说有什么不同的话，那就是安理会成员希望在谈判桌上有一个强大的盟友。想象一下，他们抛弃台湾是为了拉拢中国大陆。俄罗斯也是如此。苏联解体后，乌克兰也可以取代苏联，但是没有，俄罗斯取代了。
为什么？
不能成为会员国是因为缺乏力量投射，而不是反过来。一个国家一旦展现出这样的力量，它就会被邀请加入理事会。
模仿能保证同样的功能吗？不能。

Ram Krishnaswamy
Thats a weird answer!
What has permanent membership of UN Security Council has to do with breaking IP? Is there something in the charter that says such members have the right to break IP laws?
China too is facing sanctions from the US on various issues, so is Russia.
By your logic, that should not be happening, right?

【回复】这是一个很奇怪的回答！
联合国安理会常任理事国和破坏知识产权有什么关系？宪章中是否有规定这些成员有权违反知识产权法？
中国也面临着美国在各种问题上的制裁，俄罗斯也是。
按照你的逻辑，这是不应该发生的，对吧？

Abhijeet Singh
How they reverse engineered the whole Smartphone business is known to all.
While with India, the contracts are signed with clauses like, no thechnology transfer.

【回复】他们是如何逆向整个智能手机业务，这是众所周知的。
而与印度签订的合同中有这样的条款，无技术转让。

Ram Krishnaswamy
So, is that the reason to claim that their UN Security Council membership allows them to break laws with impunity?
Ha, ha! Seriously !!! Is that even logical?

【回复】那么，这就是他们声称自己的联合国安理会成员身份允许他们违法而不受惩罚的原因吗？
哈哈！说真的！！这合乎逻辑吗？

Abhijeet Singh
Considering the deeds of UN member of security council, which ranges from War on Iraq on rumours of WMD, to plundering of Yemen, and dozens of Sanctions on Iran - IP theft is still a non-violent one.
Why else do you think, India is deperate to be part of that club.

【回复】考虑到联合国安理会成员国的行为，从对伊拉克的战争到大规模杀伤性武器的谣言，到对也门的掠夺，以及对伊朗数十项制裁，知识产权盗窃的行为仍然是非暴力的一种。
否则你认为为什么印度不顾一切想成为这个俱乐部的一员。

Kishan Tiwari
Add to that saving terrorists, again and again, Every time India tries to make a case against Pakistan there is one nation that will stop India.

【回复】再加上拯救恐怖分子，一次又一次，每次印度打算对巴基斯坦提出控诉，总有一个国家会阻止印度。

Anchal Tamrakar
India have to catch-up smartphone manufacturering Is not joke majority of European nations still can't Manufacture whole smartphone ..
No one will transfer the technology , I repeat no one will tell you Trade secrets of trillion dollars industry..

【回复】印度必须迎头赶上智能手机制造业，这不是开玩笑，大多数欧洲国家仍然无法制造整部智能手机...
没有人会转让技术，我再说一遍，没有人会告诉你万亿美元工业的商业秘密。

Ravi Vaish
The famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright left behind a finite number of iconic residences before he passed away. Several architects have reported that clients desire Wright-like designs or even imitations of his work.
What they don't understand is that each unique Wright design was tailored to the geography of its building site and the client's particular requirements.
Wright himself was opposed to standard designs, or variations thereof, being imposed on a setting without taking in considerations dictated by the site itself.

【回复】著名的建筑师弗兰克·劳埃德·赖特，在去世前留下了为数不多的标志性住宅。一些建筑师报告说，客户想要赖特式的设计，甚至是模仿他的作品。
他们不理解的是，每个独特的赖特式设计都是根据建筑工地的地理位置和客户的特殊要求量身定做的。
赖特本人反对将标准设计或其变体强加于某个场地中，而不考虑场地本身的决定因素。

Aditya Soni
The tough part is not design. Design is one of the easiest part to reverse engineer. The toughest part is material. You cannot reverse engineer the material which is used to create the aircraft and it's engine. Material makes the main Difference as wrong material can increase you weight like anything or decrease your strength greatly.

【回复】困难的部分不是设计。设计是逆向工程中最容易的部分之一。最难的部分是材料。你无法对用来制造飞机和其发动机的材料进行逆向工程。材料的主要区别在于，错误的材料会增加你的重量或者大大降低你的力量。

Chaitanya Gadre
The choice of your material impacts your design as well

【回复】材料的选择也会影响你的设计

Prafulla Kumar
You are right. But most of the times people (even engineering bosses) are under the impression that a component can be designed by just copying the dimensions.

【回复】你说得对。但大多数时候，人们(甚至工程师的老板)的印象是，只要复制组件的尺寸，就可以设计出组件。

Prafulla Kumar
Apart from material, manufacturing process plays an important role. Several years are required to establish a manufacturing process.

【回复】除了材料之外，制造工艺也起着重要作用。建立起制造工艺需要好几年的时间。

Kush Gup
When I was reading the answer I realized somewhere China would be mentioned. Indeed, it is. China is the best!

【回复】当我读到(答主)这个回答时，我意识到有些地方会提到中国。的确是这样。中国是最好的！

Kamesh
Sir why such soft corner for China - “Sure people say the Chinese J-20 looks same as the Raptor etc etc but frankly there are not too many Aerodynamic designs in the world. All Airplanes look vaguely similar to each other.“ 😔

【回复】先生，你为什么这么喜欢中国？“当然有人说中国的J-20看起来和猛禽等一样，但是坦白地说，世界上没有太多不同的空气动力学设计。所有的飞机看起来都差不多。”

Devansh Poonia
It’s not soft corner, it’s reality. None of us love China but gotta admit they’re doing a damn good job at brewing their own military equipments at home

【回复】这不是偏爱，这是现实。我们都不喜欢中国，但不得不承认，他们在国内制造自己的军事装备方面，做得非常好。

Tailang Li
J-20 looks same as Raptor F22? Either my eyes or your eyes got some problems.

【回复】J-20看起来和猛禽F22一样？不是我的眼睛有问题，就是你的眼睛有问题。

Anurag Chakraborty
No one says “J20 looks like Raptor"

【回复】没有人说“ J20看起来像猛禽”

Jagannadha Rao
Sir, HAL is privatized and the process of privatization is in progress.
Make in India and Atmanirbhar Yojana will definitely try if the wealth and resources permit.

【回复】先生，印度航空公司(HAL)已经私有化了，而且私有化进程也在进行中。
如果财富和资源允许，“印度制造”和“自力更生”肯定会尝试。

Prafulla Kumar
There is a very long way to reach atmanirbhar. First there is need rewrite the syllabus of engineering and science courses. Then selecting suitable candidates to pursue these courses is more important step to achieve atmanirbhar.

【回复】离“自力更生”还有很长的路要走。首先，需要重写工程和科学课程的教学大纲。然后选择合适的候选人去攻读这些课程，是实现“自力更生”的更重要步骤。

Fardin Wasef
Some departments like need to be government owned to ensure sovereignty of the nation. Privatization is not always the answer.

【回复】有些部门需要政府拥有，以确保国家的主权，私有化并不总是解决问题的办法。

Shubham Sarkar
HAL will not be privatised it will only cause problems for the iaf and government because government don't pay HAL on time but that will not be possible with a private entity.

【回复】印度航空公司(HAL)不会私有化，这只会给印度空军和政府带来问题，因为政府不会按时向HAL付款，但是私营实体不可能这样做。

Rudra Kumar
China has not invented a single thing after century.

【回复】一个世纪过去了，中国没有发明任何东西。

Kanthaswamy Balasubramaniam
Tik tok 😁

【作者回复】TikTok

Mayuresh Fulambrikar
What has India invented?

【回复】那印度发明了什么？

Avadh Pancholi
Not good to make a joke of our own country and humiliate it. India is not a great player in the field of science and maths, but surely is a good player. You know that India has also played its role in various fields.

【回复】拿我们自己的国家开玩笑并羞辱它是不好的。印度在科学和数学领域不是很厉害的玩家，但肯定是很好的玩家。你知道，印度也在各个领域发挥了自己的作用。

Mayuresh Fulambrikar
There is absolutely no intention of making a joke of the country's acheivements here. I too am a fruit of the same tree.
Not good? Boss accept the truth.
Without accepting, nothing can be corrected.
If you are not feeling well, you need to be taken to a doctor. If you sit in bed saying that nothing is happening to me,or even if you go to the doctor and say nothing's wrong with me - I am allright, the Doctor isn't gonna be able to help you.

【回复】我这里绝对没有拿国家的发展开玩笑的意思。我也是同一棵树的果实。
不好？老板需要接受事实。
不接受，那什么也改变不了。
如果你感觉不舒服，你就需要去看医生。如果你坐在床上说“我没事”，或者你去看医生时说“我没事”，那医生也帮不了你。

Abhishek
Why not?
Your stupid nationalism is eating this country brick by brick. Why should we shut our mouth about the incompetence of our people.

【回复】为什么不能说呢？
你愚蠢的民族主义正在一点一点地蚕食这个国家。我们为什么要对我们人民的无能闭口不谈呢。

Avadh Pancholi
Nationalism?? Speaking truth equals nationalism? If that is so, I am okay with that. Meanwhile, India lags not because of incompetence of our people, but because of incompetence of people like you. You practice engineering - you have knowledge, talent, and I guess a good life with opportunities too. Make something na. Invent and discover something. Why blame community as a whole? Learn to take responsibility instead of blaming the country and countrymen. If you can't, then also count yourself incompetent.
And mind you, I am not a stupid. Your ignorance will eat you out because you don't even have a decency to talk with others.

【回复】民族主义？说真话等于民族主义？如果是这样的话，我可以接受。与此同时，印度之所以落后，不是因为我们人民的无能，而是因为像你们这样的人民的无能。你从事工程学——你有知识，有才华，我猜你也有充满机遇的美好生活。做一些事情。发明和发现一些东西。为什么要责怪整个社会呢？学会承担责任，而不是责备国家和同胞。如果你做不到，那么也可以认为自己无能。
记住，我可不是个笨蛋。你的无知会毁了你，因为你连与人交谈的礼仪都没有。

Abhishek
Have you ever heard about Ramanujan. Please read what he faced in this country full of self proud jokers like you. Was he a stupid?
Why there is no world class university in India?
Why there is no focus on RnD in India?
Why our education and healthcare budget is so low?
Have you ever seen the quality of education in the government schools or in village schools?
What do you want from me? Should I rob Swiss bank and allocate additional budget?
By your logic, I should become the PM, and change the policies, unless I should shut up, and keep chanting Incredible India as you guys do.
We are incompetent because people like you don't want to digest the reality. Agreed, just writing here won't change the country. But, keep shouting Incredible India, while ignoring the flaws and third world mindset of people won't help either. It will harm this country to a greater extent.
First step of solving a problem is accepting there is one!!

【回复】你听说过拉马努金吗。请看看他在这个充满了像你这样自以为是的小丑的国家里，面对的是什么。他是个笨蛋吗？（译注：拉马努金，印度历史上最著名的数学家之一。）
为什么印度没有世界一流的大学？
为什么印度不关注研发？
为什么我们的教育和医疗预算如此之低？
你见过公立学校或乡村学校的教育质量吗？
你想从我这里得到什么? 我是否应该抢劫瑞士银行并增加预算？
按照你的逻辑，我应该成为总理，改变政策，除非我闭嘴，不然像你们一样不停地歌颂“不可思议的印度”。
我们无能是因为像你这样的人不愿接受现实。我同意，仅仅在这里写文字不会改变这个国家。但是，如果继续大喊“不可思议的印度”，同时忽略缺陷和人民的第三世界国家心态，也是于事无补的。这将在更大程度上损害这个国家。
解决问题的第一步，就是承认有这个问题！

Avadh Pancholi
“full of self proud jokers like you” - I am an aspirating doctor and I do hardwork in my own way. Should I not take pride in that?

【回复】“充满了像你这样自以为是的小丑”，我是一个有抱负的医生，我用自己的方式努力工作。我不应该为此感到骄傲吗？

Abhishek
Self proud of being an Indian or being part of some kind of great civilization, that's what I am talking about. Sorry for being demeaning, I just got fed up of such nationalistic comments. Didn't mean to defame or insult you. Let's have a healthy debate.
As you said, earlier, “it's not good to humiliate our country”.But I really think this as a setback. In reality, we should question everything, critucize everything whatever is wrong.
To be 100% frank, I don't understand nationalism. Why should we be proud of a place being born, when we did not even choose it. And I consider nationalism to be the root cause of most of the unnecessary wars, oppression and genocides. Nationalism is racism with sugar coating.

【回复】以作为一个印度人或者是作为某种伟大文明的一部分而感到自豪，这就是我所说的。对于我的无礼感到抱歉，我只是受够了这种民族主义的言论。我不是想诋毁或侮辱你。让我们进行一场健康的辩论。
正如你之前所说的，“羞辱我们的国家是不好的”。但我真的认为这是一种阻碍。事实上，我们应该质疑一切，批判一切错误。
坦率地说，我不理解民族主义。我们为什么要为诞生的地方而自豪，我们甚至都没有选择过。我认为民族主义是大部分不必要的战争、压迫和种族灭绝的根本原因。民族主义是披着糖衣的种族主义。

Whatever country we are living in, whatever place we consider as home, everyone should have a right to criticize things(in an ethical way) and call out the wrong doings, incompetence and historical mistakes without being shy.
Before you start telling me the greatness of this country, let me highlight few points.
We were ruled by a country smaller than Maharashtra!!
Most cutting edge tech is being developed in USA, Europe and China.
We can't make Jet engines. We can't make Silicon chips. We can't even produce good batteries. We struggled to make a proper Fighter jet for decades.
We don't have any truly Indian smartphone company. We don't have any world class tech product such as Windows, SAP, Apple etc.

无论我们生活在哪个国家，无论我们认为哪个地方是家，每个人都应该有权利批评事情(以道德的方式) ，并毫不掩饰地指出错误的行为、无能和历史错误。
在你开始告诉我这个国家的伟大之处之前，让我强调几点。
我们被一个比马哈拉施特拉邦还小的国家统治！！
大多数尖端技术正在美国、欧洲和中国发展。
我们不能制造喷气式发动机。我们不能制造硅芯片。我们甚至不能生产好的电池。几十年来，我们一直在努力制造一架合格的战斗机。
我们没有任何真正的印度智能手机公司。我们没有任何世界级的技术产品，如 Windows，SAP，苹果等。

We get all the APIs from China or other countries for most of the Pharma products.
Let me enlighten more:
We have world's most polluted cities, most polluted rivers, still We keep polluting them in the name of stupid religious centiments.
Our metro cities turn into canals with few hours of rainfall.
What do we have our own, sir, if we talk about last 500 years of key Science and tech revolution.
Electric bulb - Indian??
Bicycle - Indian??
Car - Indian??
Phone- Indian??
Satellite - Indian??
Aeroplane - Indian??
The list goes on and on…
What did India invent anything significant in last 500 years. Go and check the list of Europe and USA, you will get the answer.
Till then, Indians can keep chanting Incredible India!! It won't even help in moving a pebble.

我们的大部分药品的原料药都来自中国或其他国家。
让我进一步说明一下：
我们有世界上污染最严重的城市，污染最严重的河流，但我们仍然以愚蠢的宗教信仰的名义污染它们。
我们的大城市在几个小时的降雨下，就会变成运河。
先生，如果我们谈论过去500年来关键的科学和技术革命，我们有什么自己的？
电灯泡——印度？
自行车——印度？
汽车——印度？
手机——印度？
卫星——印度？
飞机——印度？
这样的例子数不胜数...
在过去的500年里，印度发明了什么有意义的东西。去查查欧洲和美国的清单，你就会得到答案。
在那之前，印度人可以继续高喊着“不可思议的印度”！！这甚至对挪动一颗鹅卵石都没有帮助。

Mayuresh Fulambrikar
Look at the last 30 years. China and India were almost equal, or Indian was a a little ahead in development, in Manufacturing compared to China
Where are we now?

【回复】看看30年之前。中国和印度在制造业方面几乎是相等的，或者说印度在发展方面略微领先。
现在我们在哪里？

Rohit Tuli
Huwawei was ahead of most US companies in the 5G race. Chinese companies like OnePlus and Xiaomi are literally beating Apple and Samsung by providing 90 percent of their quality at 50–75 percent price. Chinese technology companies are competing with top US companies (MediaTek vs Qualcomn, Alibaba vs Amazon etc), that's not a small feat. China is a technological behemoth. The research happening in top Chinese universities is mind blowing. China has 8 universities in the world's top 50 now. India should try to learn from China.
Yes, if we go by inventions of major things, China clearly lacks there, but it's because all the major things that are common today were invented 30 years ago when China was a poor country. Give them 20 more years and a sizeable chunk of inventions would be comming from China.

【回复】在5G竞赛中，华为遥遥领先于大多数美国公司。一加和小米等中国公司以50%至75%的价格提供了苹果和三星90%的质量，确实打败了它们。中国科技公司正在与美国顶级公司竞争(联发科 vs 高通、阿里巴巴 vs 亚马逊等)，这可不是一个小成就。中国是一个科技巨兽。中国顶尖大学正在进行的研究令人兴奋。中国目前有8所大学跻身世界前50名。印度应该向中国学习。
是的，如果我们从重大发明的角度来看，中国显然缺乏这些，但这是因为所有今天普遍存在的重大发明都是在30年前中国还是一个贫穷国家的时候发明的。再给他们20年，相当大一部分发明将会来自中国。

Rudra Kumar
Huwaei use most of components from Germany,Korea,Japan and Xiaomi do the same as for mediatek it is Taiwanese company.

【回复】华为使用的大部分零部件来自德国、韩国、日本，小米也是一样，至于联发科，那是一家台湾公司。

Rohit Tuli
Who says so? Huawei uses made in China components. In fact even companies like Apple, Samsung, Google, Motorola etc use made in China Processors, RAMs, Memory many times. The toughest thing to make in a phone is a processor. And China makes a significant share of them. Companies like Intel, AMD have Fabrication as well as assembly units in China.
Closest India came to making a chip is single chips made by IIT Bombay and Madras after years of research which are 20 years behind the world.
MediaTek is a Chinese company. They are headquatered in Taiwan. China does this very often, as they face sanctions and negative sentiments they just reroute their goods through Taiwan and Hong Kong. Taiwan is nothing economically without China.

【回复】谁说的？华为使用的是中国制造的零部件。事实上，甚至像苹果、三星、谷歌、摩托罗拉等公司都多次使用中国制造的处理器、 主存和内存。手机中最难制造的东西是处理器。而中国在其中占有相当大的份额。像英特尔，AMD这样的公司在中国既有制造部门也有组装部门。
印度最接近于制造芯片的是印度理工学院孟买分校和马德拉斯分校，它们经过多年的研究，比世界落后了20年。
联发科是一家中国公司。他们的总部设在台湾。中国经常这样做，当他们面临制裁和抵制情绪时，他们就通过台湾和香港来转运货物。没有中国大陆，台湾在经济上一无是处。

Avadh Pancholi
They have. They invent and bring up a lot of things than most western countries. They will continue to do the same in future too, at a bigger pace.

【回复】他们有。他们发明和提出了比大多数西方国家更多的东西。他们将来也会继续这样做，速度会更快。

Divyansh Khunteta
I don’t know what people think when they talk about reverse engineering. An aircraft is a complex and advanced piece of engineering. It had not only the mechanical and electronic components but very complex software algorithms running in real time - which keeps it on trajectory and make sure all the safety requirements, which are not only hard to reverse engineer but it needs decades of research to attain an expertise level. But I think India do have potential to develop these R&D facilities. But it all comes down to one thing - education system.

【回复】我不知道人们在谈论逆向工程的时候是怎么想的。飞机是一项复杂而先进的工程。它不仅有机械和电子部件，还有非常复杂的软件算法实时运行——这使它保持在轨迹上，并确保所有的安全要求，这不仅难以逆向工程，而且需要数十年的研究才能达到专业水平。但我认为印度确实有发展这些研发设施的潜力。但这一切都归结于一件事——教育体系。

Randhir Singh
China can measure, weigh the components, make schematic drawings, etc but to get the metallurgy mixture of alloys just right would make reverse engineering impossible.
If it was easy they could already be making aircraft engines on par with the Russian engines.

【回复】中国可以测量、称量部件、绘制原理图等等，但要得到合适的合金冶金混合物，就不可能进行逆向工程。
如果这很容易的话，他们已经可以制造出与俄罗斯发动机相当的飞机发动机了。

Arun Kumar
All nation surely have better weapons than the known weapon in world. Most of the technologies we use in commercial is 20 to 50 years old. So don’t be worried, the only reason India and China not making better fighter is Politics. For example India could destroy China’s army in 1962 war if used Airforce. To get support of super powers she ignored it and played victim role. Political alliance is more important than weapons. Another example Britain played victim role in WW2 to bring Americans in game.

【回复】所有国家肯定都有比世界上已知的武器更好的武器。我们在商业上使用的大多数技术都是20年到50年前的。所以不用担心，印度和中国没有制造出更好的战斗机的唯一原因是政治。例如，如果使用空军，印度可以在1962年的战争中摧毁中国的军队。它忽视了这点，为了得到超级大国的支持，而扮演着受害者的角色。政治联盟比武器更重要。另一个例子是英国在二战中扮演受害者的角色，把美国人带入游戏中。

Atul Jain
It is better to improve Tejas rather than copying Rafale.

【回复】最好是改进光辉战斗机，而不是抄袭阵风战斗机。

Sharad Agarwal
Further you cannot reverse engineer the software part of it. Where will you get the code? In Adavnced fighter aircrafts, software is as important as hardware.

【回复】此外，你不能对其中的软件部分进行逆向工程。你要从哪里得到代码？在先进的战斗机中，软件和硬件同样重要。

Ranjit Sur
Just because India is incapable of producing high technology products, many people in India like to think that China must have copied from somewhere. It is the same thing that happens when our friend comes first in the class, we like to think he must surely have taken the help of the class teacher.

【回复】只是因为印度没有能力生产高科技产品，很多印度人就喜欢认为中国一定是从某个地方抄袭过来的。当我们的朋友在班上排名第一的时候，这是一样的事情，我们认为他一定是得到了班主任的帮助。

Sambhar Jharna
Sir, the Chinese have reverse engineered several Russian aircraft(most notable, Mig 21 —J-7)

【回复】先生，中国人已经逆向了几架俄罗斯飞机(最有名的是米格21—J-7)

Mayuresh Fulambrikar
Does India even have that capability?
Attitude here is always to point fingers at Chinese. Look where they have gone today, where we are now.
30 years back, India was prosperous and ahead of China in development.

【回复】印度真的有这种能力吗？
这里的态度总是指责中国人。看看他们今天到了哪里，而我们现在在哪里。
30年前，印度经济繁荣，发展领先于中国。

Avadh Pancholi
It is not something to take pride at. Its like saying that a thief can steal things but I can't, so I am more worthless than a thief!!!

【回复】这不是什么值得骄傲的事。就像说小偷能偷东西，但我不能，所以我比小偷更没用！！

Lim Abdullah
He said reverse engineering and not tech stealing

【回复】他说的是逆向工程，不是偷取技术

Sai Kiran
Modern science and modern industry are products of western civilization!
Modern science and modern industry is the western hegemony of the world for 300 years, China's decline is the most direct reason!
In the past 70 years since the founding of New China, the Chinese have been learning Western science and industrial technology faithfully!
1949 to 1969 to learn the Soviet Union, after 1972 began to learn the West!
China is the only country that combined the western industrial system with the Soviet industrial system!
Indians can laugh at Chinese who only steal technology, copy technology and reverse engineer it!
No matter how much you laugh at them, the Chinese will continue to learn until there is nothing left to learn!

【回复】现代科学和现代工业是西方文明的产物！
现代科学和现代工业是西方称霸世界三百年，中国衰落最直接的原因！
在新中国成立70年以来，中国人一直忠实地学习西方的科学和工业技术！
1949年-1969年学习苏联，1972年后开始学习西方！
中国是唯一一个将西方工业体系与苏联工业体系相结合的国家！
印度人可以嘲笑中国人只会偷取技术、复制技术和对其逆向工程！
但不管你怎么嘲笑他们，中国人还是会继续学习，直到学无可学！

Dinesh Deepani
“the Chinese will continue to learn until there is nothing left to learn” Epic, summed it all. And how do I develop that kind of attitude?

【回复】“中国人将继续学习，直到学无可学”，史诗般地总结了这一切。我该如何才能培养出这种态度？
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