[2021-03-12]海外网友：在朝鲜战争中，中国军队是如何打败装备精良的美国军队的？

Bruce Brews 24 years active duty
When the Chinese intervened in the Korean War, United Nations (UN) forces under General MacArthur were close to retaking all of Korea. North Korea had invaded South Korea that June[1] and nearly won, but the North’s forces were now shattered and defeated. UN forces were nearing the Chinese border. The UN, however, had problems.
First, UN ground forces, 8th Army under General Walton Walker, were overextended because MacArthur had exceeded his authority. He had been given enough forces to restore South Korea and wasn’t authorized to go beyond the 38th Parallel. But MacArthur took the bit in his teeth and kept driving north: he was willing to involve the United States in a major Asian land war[2], if necessary a nuclear one. As UN forces closed on the Chinese border, units had to cover huge areas. There were gaps in the lines.

【回答】24年的现役军人
当中国介入朝鲜战争时，麦克阿瑟将军领导的联合国部队几乎要夺回整个朝鲜半岛。那年6月，朝鲜入侵韩国，几乎取得了胜利，但现在朝鲜的军队已经被击溃了。联合国部队接近了中国边境。然而，联合国也有问题。
首先，联合国地面部队，沃尔顿沃克将军率领的第八军，由于麦克阿瑟越权而过度扩张。他已经得到了足够的兵力来恢复南朝鲜的统治，并且没有被授权越过三八线。但麦克阿瑟不受控制，继续向北行进；他愿意让美国卷入一场重大的亚洲陆战，如果有必要，甚至是核战争。由于联合国部队靠近中国边境，部队不得不覆盖大片区域。导致队伍之间有空隙。

The second factor was security on the Chinese part. They moved hundreds of thousands of troops into northern Korea and MacArthur had no clue they were there. The Chinese hid when UN aircraft flew overhead, so sighting reports to headquarters were sparse. Even after the first attacks, 8th Army had no idea of the extent of Chinese intervention. On November 24th, MacArthur told the American ambassador in Seoul that 25,000 Chinese were in Korea.[3] In reality, there were over ten times as many.
A third factor was landscape. The Chinese were assisted by rough central-Korean terrain, which split 8th Army so much that forces on the east coast, X Corps, were virtually an independent force, having no lateral security (patrolling) with the forces on the west. The hilliness also meant that UN forces, with their trucks and heavy weapons, were largely road-bound, whereas Chinese forces, being relatively lightly-armed and using very few vehicles, could move through areas that MacArthur and his staff considered impassable, while trees, hills, and valleys made them difficult for UN searches to locate.

第二个因素是中国方面的安全。他们向北朝鲜派遣了数十万军队，而麦克阿瑟不知道他们在那里。当联合国飞机飞过时，中国人藏了起来，所以给总部的目击报告很少。即使在第一次袭击之后，第八集团军也不知道中国干预的程度。11月24日，麦克阿瑟告诉驻首尔的美国大使，有2.5万名中国人在朝鲜。事实上，这个数字是10倍多。
第三个因素是地形。中国人有朝鲜中部崎岖地形的帮助，地形将第八军分裂得非常严重，以至于东海岸的第十军实际上是一支独立的部队，与西部的部队没有横向安全保障(巡逻)。山地还意味着，联合国部队的卡车和重型武器大部分被限制在路上，而中国的部队轻装上阵，使用的车辆也很少，可以穿越麦克阿瑟和他的参谋认为无法通行的地区，而树木、山丘和山谷使联合国难以对其进行搜索。

The Chinese also moved and fought at night, again in an effort to reduce their exposure to American airpower and artillery: they would close in on enemy positions and attack from close quarters, making UN protective barrages difficult to lay down without endangering their own men. Darkness also assisted their security measures, allowing them to move large quantities of men with little chance that UN reconnaissance aircraft would see them in the rugged central-Korean terrain.
The final factor was the onset of winter, which greatly diluted the NATO airpower advantage. The cold and often stormy weather also restricted MacArthur’s road-bound forces to the better roads, and those were few and far between, limiting offensive possibilities to a few possible axes. As a result, large areas of north-central Korea were virtually guaranteed to be not even patrolled—let alone be occupied—by UN forces (mostly Americans and Koreans, including Koreans enlisted into American divisions[4]).

中国人也在夜间行动和战斗，同样减少了他们暴露在美国空军和炮兵面前的机会：他们会逼近敌人阵地并从近距离进攻，这使得联合国的保护性火力网很难在不危及他们自己人的情况下放下。黑暗也有助于他们的安全措施，使他们能够运送大批人员，联合国侦察机几乎不可能在崎岖的朝鲜中部地区看到他们。
最后一个因素是冬季的到来，这大大削弱了北约的空中力量优势。寒冷和经常暴风雨的天气也把麦克阿瑟的部队限制在更好的道路上，但这样的道路很少且远，进攻的可能性被限制在几个可能的轴线上。其结果是，朝鲜中北部的大片地区几乎肯定不会被联合国军队(大多数是美国人和韩国人，其中包括参加美军的韩国人)巡逻，更不用说被占领了。

So this was the situation. UN forces were advancing in completely predictable directions, each unit’s frontage dangerously overextended. Air support was hindered. At the same time, undetected Chinese forces were deployed for a coordinated attack against an enemy almost completely unaware of their presence.
The Chinese first struck in late October and early November, overwhelming several units. Retreating UN troops found roads cut by Chinese roadblocks, so they abandoned huge amounts of equipment, including vehicles and artillery, and suffered heavy casualties. Then, after a few days, the Chinese pulled back and broke contact.[5]

当时的情况就是这样。联合国部队正沿着完全可预测的方向前进，每个部队的前线都有过度扩张的危险。空中支援受阻。与此同时，未被发现的中国军队部署起来了，协同攻击几乎完全没有意识到他们的存在的敌人。
中国人在10月底和11月初发动了第一次袭击，击溃了几个部队。撤退的联合国部队发现道路被中国设置的路障切断，所以他们放弃了包括车辆和大炮在内的大量装备，并遭受了重大伤亡。然后，几天后，中国人撤退了，中断了联系。

MacArthur promptly recommenced his offensive as if nothing had happened, resuming advances on a widening front with little ability to reconnoiter his flanks. Then, three weeks after they had first struck, the Chinese hit again, and this time they didn’t draw back. They shattered several divisions of the main 8th Army body. In the east, an American regimental combat team of 3000+ soldiers was destroyed[6] and the entire 1st Marine Division was enveloped and nearly destroyed as well. To make a long story short, we skedaddled out of North Korea, never to return so far north. Seoul, South Korea’s capital, fell again to communist forces that continued advancing. American forces were in their longest overland retreat in history.

麦克阿瑟立即重新开始了进攻，仿佛什么都没发生过一样，在扩大的前线继续前进，几乎没有能力侦察他的侧翼。然后，在他们第一次攻击的三个星期后，中国人再次攻击，这一次他们没有撤退。他们粉碎了第八集团军主体的几个师。在东部，一支由三千多名士兵组成的美国团级战斗队被摧毁，整个第一陆战师也被包围，几乎被摧毁。长话短说，我们逃离了朝鲜，再也没有回到如此遥远的北部了。首尔，韩国首都再次被继续前进的共产党军队击败。美国军队进行了历史上最长的陆路撤退。

Unfortunately for the Chinese, they couldn’t sustain their offensive. Their lengthening supply lines overstretched as UN forces fell back onto their own supply centers and more-easily-defended positions. The lines stabilized. MacArthur was relieved for insubordination and replaced by General Matthew Ridgeway, who had taken 8th Army over in December when Gen. Walker died in a traffic accident.[7] Ridgeway drove the Chinese back using superior firepower, including airpower. Besides again recapturing Seoul, Ridgeway brought the lines far enough north that North and South Korea shared a different border but were essentially unchanged in size.
In the end, the Chinese victory, strategic and overwhelming though it was, wasn’t decisive, and the shooting war ended in stalemate. Technically, the war still isn’t over: there’s an armistice (cease-fire) in place, but no peace treaty. And that is how things stand today, almost 70 years later.
See also:
* The Korean War Chronology
* South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu

不幸的是，对于中国人来说，他们无法维持他们的进攻。随着联合国部队撤回到他们自己的补给中心和更容易防守的阵地，他们延长的补给线已经超负荷运转。线路稳定下来了。麦克阿瑟因为不服从命令而被解职，接替他的是马修·李奇微将军，他在去年12月接管了第八军。李奇微用包括空中力量在内的强大火力把中国人赶了回去。除了再次夺回首尔之外，李奇微还把边界线向北延伸到了足够远的地方，以至于朝鲜和韩国有着不同的边界，但面积基本上没有变化。
最终，尽管中国取得了战略性和压倒性的胜利，但并不是决定性的，枪战以僵局告终。从技术上来说，战争仍然没有结束：现在虽然有停战协议，但没有和平条约。这就是70年后的今天的情况。
另参见：
* 朝鲜战争年表
* 南至洛东，北至鸭绿江

Michael Snyder LTC, Retired at U.S. Army (1975-present)
* The UN forces under MacArthur were pursuing the DKPA to the Yalu River. The US political leadership, emboldened by the success of MacArthur’s operations since Inchon, had changed the desired political end state to unification rather than preservation of the RoK. UN forces were dispersed across the Korea peninsula and were unprepared for the PLA offensive. The PLA was able to exploit this dispersion by finding and attacking the flanks of UN units and cutting in to their rear using the light infantry mobility to cross the mountainous terrain.
* Surprise was in favor of the PLA. MacArthur, Willoughby, consistently ignored both the political, strategic and operational signs that the PRC was willing to intervene to prevent the unification of Korea on UN/US terms. UN forces were caught off-guard and off-balance by the PLA. US troops thought the war was basically over and were suddenly presented with a tough, motivated enemy.

【回答】美国陆军退役军人(1975年-至今)
* 麦克阿瑟领导下的联合国部队追击朝鲜人民军到鸭绿江。麦克阿瑟的军事行动自仁川战争以来取得的成功鼓舞了美国的政治领导层，他们将期望的政治终结状态更改为统一，而不是保护韩国。联合国军队分散在朝鲜半岛各地，对解放军的攻势毫无准备。解放军能够利用这种分散，找到并进攻联合国部队的侧翼，并利用轻步兵机动性穿越山区地形，切入他们的后方。
* 出乎意料的是解放军得到了支持。麦克阿瑟，威洛比，一直无视中国愿意干预的政治、战略和行动迹象，以防止韩国在联合国/美国的条件下统一。联合国部队被解放军打了个措手不及。美国军队以为战争已经基本结束了，突然遇到了一个强硬、有决心的敌人。

* The PLA did a thorough job of operational and tactical recon. They identified and targeted RoKA divisions in their initial attacks. These divisions weren’t as heavily armed or as well trained as other UN units and some were not well led. During the initial offensive, the PLA over-ran some of these divisions, which gave them access to the flanks and rear of other UN forces.
* In some cases, the UN/US forces had out-run their logistics, but this wasn’t a major factor in their combat failures. More consistently, it was a failure of doctrine and training. Combat in the mountainous terrain was a new experience, as was an enemy which was adept at infiltrating defensive positions. The need for 360 degree defense, active and aggressive patrolling, night combat and tying in units set up in strong point defenses rather than linear fortifications had to be learned all over again.
* The PLA pushed the UN/US forces back to the 38th Parallel. While they inflicted a number of severe defeats on US forces, they did not destroy or render combat-ineffective permanently any US or even RoKA divisions, all such damaged units being reconstituted. Once the UN/US forces were able to establish fortified positions and apply their superior firepower, the PLA offensives culminated.

* 解放军做好了全面的的行动和战术侦察任务。他们在最初的攻击中识别并锁定了韩国陆军师。这些师没有其他联合国部队那样全副武装或训练有素，有些也领导不善。在最初的进攻中，解放军穿过了其中一些师，这使他们能够进入其他联合国部队的侧翼和后方。
* 在某些情况下，联合国/美国部队的后勤保障已经超出了他们的能力，但这并不是他们战斗失败的主要因素。更为确切的是，这是理论和训练的失败。在山区地形中作战是一种新的经验，而且敌人也擅长渗透防御阵地。必须360度全方位防御，主动和积极的巡逻，必须重新学习夜战和在重点防御上部署部队，而不是线性防御上。
* 解放军将联合国/美国部队推回三八线。虽然他们给美军造成了一系列严重的失败，但他们并没有永久摧毁任何美军师或甚至是韩国陆军师，使其失去战斗力，所有这些遭到破坏的部队都被重新组建了。一旦联合国/美国军队能够建立防御工事并运用他们的优势火力，解放军的进攻就会结束。

John Cordova Interested in International Relations
It is a misconception that the US Army was “far more powerful” than the Chinese Army as the entire US Armed Forces had almost completely demobilized post-WW2 by 1950 and many of its experienced officers and combat veterans were out. “Win” also depends heavily on what perspective you view it from and what context.
MacArthur, after the success of the Incheon landings, pursued the KPA beyond the 38th upon the insistence of ROK leadership (their divisions crossed before the Americans and were the first hit by Chinese forces), and against the advice of his advisors in government who received multiple warnings from the PRC that they would intervene the closer either got to the Yalu. (This is presumably in-part why he was fired, for ignoring this, glory seeking, and disobeying the government along with the suggestion of nukes). By this measure of taking back North Korea, the Chinese won.

【回答】对国际关系感兴趣
认为美国军队比中国军队“强大得多”是一种误解，因为在1950年，整个美国军队几乎全部退伍了，其中许多经验丰富的军官和战斗老兵已经退伍。“胜利”还在很大程度上取决于你从什么角度看待它，以及它的背景。
麦克阿瑟在仁川登陆成功后，在韩国领导人的坚持下，继续追击朝鲜人民军到三八线之后(他们的部队在美国军队之前越过边界，第一次遭到中国军队的打击)，而且不顾他的政府顾问的建议，他们接到中国的多次警告，如果再接近鸭绿江，中国将进行干预，麦克阿瑟在三八线之后继续追击朝鲜人民军。(这可能是他被解雇的部分原因，因为他忽视了这些警告，追求荣誉，并且违背了政府和提出了核武器的建议)。通过这种夺回朝鲜的措施，中国取得了胜利。

However, consider the Chinese war goal upon intervening on behalf of the DPRK was to similarly push the ROK/US off the peninsula. They ambushed across the front line and retook Pyongyang, similarly crossed the 38th retaking Seoul, and getting as far south as Suwon to southern Gangwon province after breaking the UN offensive. Once US forces finally reorganized after the initial surprise attack and shattered retreat however, the Chinese could not hold territory, and began to lose ground towards the present border while attempting repeated offensives which failed. The battles with China prior to this point were not confrontations that saw the US forces at full capability, and as another Quora answer said in regards to the lack of logistics planning, “The US military defeated the US military.”
From a logistics perspective, the US faced more challenges considering its nearest supply bases were off in Japan and across the Pacific, and it couldn’t amass nearly the same number of troops as China which has a land border to Korea.

然而，考虑到中国代表朝鲜进行干预的战争目标，同样也是为了将韩军/美军赶出朝鲜半岛。他们伏击了前线，夺回了平壤，同样也越过了三八线夺回首尔，在打破了联合国的攻势后，向南一直到水原，到达南部江原道。然而，一旦美军在最初的突然袭击和粉碎性撤退之后重新组建起来，中国人就守不住领土了，开始在当前的边界上节节败退，同时试图反复发动攻势，但失败了。在此之前与中国的战斗并不是美国军队全力以赴的对抗，正如另一个人的回答所说关于缺乏后勤规划的那样，“美国军队打败了美国军队”
从后勤角度来看，考虑到美国最近的补给基地位于日本和太平洋对岸，美国面临着更多的挑战，而且美国不可能像中国那样集结同样数量的军队，中国与朝鲜有陆地边界。

Mark Bellamy interest in history over many decades.
The Chinese army didn’t defeat the US Army, but they did give them a bloody nose and pushed them back from the Chinese border. The reasons are a little complicated. The US Army was vastly superior in terms of tactics, equipment, and supply; but the Chinese had numbers which they deployed stealthily. To make matters worse MacArthur was extremely arrogant and underestimated the Chinese ability and will. In addition, though superior to Chinese forces the US military had been let to deteriorate after WWII due to the political position nuclear arms and strategic warfare were the future and conventional combat a thing of the past. An assumption which the US paid for dearly. The US was caught with their pants down by the Chinese because of MacArthur’s carelessness in rushing towards the border without considering the opposition. So in short I would say MacArthur’s blunders were the primary reason but also a general lack of preparedness due to assumptions about the role of conventional forces and Chinese proficiency at stealth infiltration with large numbers.

【回答】几十年来对历史感兴趣。
中国军队没有打败美国军队，但是他们的确把美国人打得鼻青脸肿，把他们从中国边境赶了回来。原因有点复杂。美国陆军在战术、装备和补给方面大大优于中国，但中国人有他们秘密部署的兵力。更糟糕的是，麦克阿瑟极其傲慢，低估了中国人的能力和意志。此外，美国军队虽然比中国军队优越，但在二战后，由于政治地位的原因，美军任由其退化下去，核武器和战略战争是未来，常规战已经成为过去。美国为此付出了沉重的代价。由于麦克阿瑟不顾反对冲进边境，美国被中国人打了个措手不及。所以简而言之，我认为麦克阿瑟的失误是主要原因，但也是由于对常规部队作用的假设，以及对中国人在大规模秘密渗透方面的熟练程度导致的普遍缺乏准备。

Thierry Etienne Joseph Rotty Senior Controller at NATO
The PLA did not defeat the US Army, the US Army defeated the US Army.
Logistics in Korea were just as bad as in Europe in 1944.
The Americans had advanced very quickly without having enough supplies to fight off a Chinese intervention.
When General Ridgeway took over in December 1950, he encountered the exact same problems he had had in December 1944: most supplies were nicely stored far away from the front lines and there was not enough transport to supply the troops.
Without fuel, without ammunition, and without winter clothing, the effectiveness of your troops dwindles very quickly.

【回答】北约高级管控员
解放军没有打败美国军队，而是美国军队打败了美国军队。
在朝鲜的后勤和1944年在欧洲一样糟糕。
美国在没有足够补给的情况下迅速推进，来抵御中国的干预。
1950年12月，李奇微将军接管指挥权时，他遇到了和1944年12月一样的问题：大多数补给都存放在远离前线的地方，而且没有足够的运输工具为部队提供补给。
没有燃料，没有弹药，没有冬衣，你的部队的战斗力就会迅速下降。
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Roy Parker
This is a, shall we say, unique interpretation of the winter of 1950–51. The Chinese People's Volunteer Army was able to successfully use infiltration tactics and massed infantry assaults, to initially overwhelm UN forces, pushing them all the way back across the 38th parallel, and causing the UN to lose Seoul for a second time. Once Ridgway assumed command, the operational situation changed dramatically.

【回复】我们可以说，这是对1950-51年冬天的独特解读。中国志愿军成功地利用渗透战术和大规模步兵攻击，初步压制了联合国军队，将他们一路推回三八线，让联合国第二次失去首尔。而李奇微接管了指挥权之后，作战情况就发生了巨大的变化。

Tianren Tan
Chinese didn’t win the Korean War and neither did US if you are talking about unifying Korea, but they both achieved their original objective of preserving both North and South Korea. So it’s a draw.

【回复】中国没有赢得朝鲜战争，如果你是在谈论统一朝鲜的话，美国也没有，但是他们都实现了他们最初的目标——分别是保护朝鲜和保护韩国。所以这是一场平局。

Yongyi Liu
Chinese original goal was to eliminate the potential threat from the border, which meant they should at least get a sufficient strategic buffer area, and this goal had been achieved. Sure they lifted the goal for a while, so as the USA. Finally both sides faced the reality.

【回复】中国最初的目标是消除来自边境的潜在威胁，这意味着他们至少应该拥有一个足够的战略缓冲区，这一目标已经实现了。当然，他们有一段时间提高了目标，就像美国一样。最后双方都面对了现实。

Dave Scatena
If I remember correctly the Chinese never officially entered the Korean conflict they specifically did not wear Chinese military uniforms for the same reason the United States didn’t attack China for fear of making it a much larger confrontation even though by the end of the war besides knew the other was involved.

【回复】如果我没记错的话，中国从未正式参与过朝鲜战争，特别是他们也没有穿中国军服，这和美国没有攻击中国出于同个原因，因为美国害怕这会造成更大规模的对抗，尽管战争结束的时候，美国已经知道对方参与了这场战争。

Roy Parker
That is why they were known as the People's Volunteer Army. They wanted to keep the war limited.

【回复】这就是为什么他们被称为人民志愿军，他们希望把战争限制在一定范围内。

Yongyi Liu
Not fully true, the US aircrafts crossed the border and attacked somewhere, at least one aircraft were hit down and pilot was captured within Chinese territory. If you dig deeper, you even might find something about biological warfare.

【回复】事实并非完全如此，美国飞机越过边境，袭击了某个地方，其中至少一架飞机被击落，飞行员在中国境内被抓获。如果你深入挖掘，你甚至可能会发现一些关于生物战的东西。

Christopher McAnally
We were at a point where both sides could escalate enormously. China had essentially unlimited manpower, and could draw on enormous Soviet stocks of material and we could also draw on additional firepower including nuclear weapons.
Anything we could do short of nukes could be matched, and regardless we didn’t want to repeat Japan’s problem with getting mired in a land war with China.

【回复】我们处在一个双方都可能大幅升级的时刻。中国基本上拥有无限的人力，可以利用苏联储备的大量物资，我们也可以利用额外的火力，包括核武器。
除了核武器，我们能做的任何事情都是相匹敌的，不管怎样，我们不想重蹈日本陷入与中国陆地战争泥潭的覆辙。

Benson Pe Chua
the USA could not finished it out of fear of getting into the quagmire as the the Japanese did and the result will be the same like Vietnam - run away high tail LOL

【回复】美国因为害怕像日本那样陷入泥潭而没能成功，结果就是和越南战争一样——夹着尾巴溜掉了，哈哈

Benson Pe Chua
It’s good MacArthur was replaced , he has become so arrogant , they called him the Japanese emperor and if he has his way, the world will be doomed, it’s good you had a right thinking and wise president in harry Truman.

【回复】好在麦克阿瑟被替换了，他变得非常傲慢，他们称他为日本天皇，如果他按照自己的方式行事，这个世界将注定被毁灭，好在你们有一个正确的思想和明智的总统哈里 · 杜鲁门。

Ozgur Zeren
With that logic, German army defeated Germany army in Ww2.
…
Lets face it - Chinese Army pretty much defeated entire ‘United’ Nations army. Including US.

【回复】按照答主这种逻辑，那就是“德国军队在二战中击败了德国军队”。
...
让我们面对现实吧——中国军队几乎打败了整个“联合国”军队，包括美国。

Brad Lee
In a sense you are correct. The PLA achieved its goals of creating a buffer between China and the UN forces. But given the sheer amount of casualties the PLA took along the way it could hardly be considered a victory for them, nor a total “defeat” for the UN. It was a tie if anything.
Edit: To reiterate, the Korean War ended in a stalemate because both sides’ expectations were not met. China settled on keeping a buffer state between it and capitalist South Korea but did not succeed in driving the UN out of the peninsula whereas the UN (largely the US and SK) succeeded in repelling communist forces and restoring South Korea as a sovereign capitalist state but did not succeed in annihilating the DPRK. There are very good reasons that the war ended in a stalemate, and it’s not because Americans can’t admit defeat (although that is sometimes the case). Both can claim “victory,” but objectively speaking it was a tie.

【回复】从某种意义上说，你是对的。志愿军实现了在中国和联合国军队之间建立缓冲区的目标。但考虑到志愿军在这一个过程中遭受的大量伤亡，这很难被认为是他们的胜利，也很难被认为是联合国的彻底“失败”。如果说有什么不同的话，那就是平局。
编辑：重申一遍，朝鲜战争以僵局告终，因为双方的期望都没有实现。中国在其与资本主义的韩国之间保持了一个缓冲国，但未能成功地将联合国赶出朝鲜半岛，而联合国(主要是美国和韩国)成功地击退了共产主义势力，并将韩国恢复为一个资本主义主权国家，但未能成功地消灭朝鲜。战争以僵局结束是有充分理由的，这并不是因为美国人不承认失败(尽管有时确实如此)。双方都可以宣称“胜利”，但客观地说，这是一场平局。

Ozgur Zeren
Winners of a lot of historical battles could be classified as losers by that proposition.
The reality of the matter is that China just a few years after its revolution, took on entire Atlantic system which controlled ~75% of the world (FDR admn.’s calculations) and accomplished its strategic goals while frustrating its enemy’s.
That’s a victory.

【回复】如果根据你这一观点，许多历史战役的胜利者，都可以被归类为失败者。
事实上，中国在革命后仅仅几年，就与控制了世界75%面积的整个大西洋体系展开了较量。在挫败敌人的同时完成了自己的战略目标。
这就是胜利。

Benson Pe Chua
That’s why up to now - nobody dare challenge china w it’s modern weapons. Now china is mostly concerned w defence and modern weapons. So it’s a different t perspective now.

【回复】这就是为什么到目前为止，没有人敢挑战拥有现代化武器的中国。现在中国主要关心的是国防和现代化武器。所以现在角度不同了。

David Jacques
The Chinese goal was to help the North Koreans take control of all of Korea. That failed, so they settled for a buffer state.

【回复】中国的目标是帮助朝鲜控制整个朝鲜半岛。这个目标失败了，所以他们选择了保持缓冲国。

Ozgur Zeren
Thats not correct. China’s entry to the war was to prevent US from being able to access China border. Last invasion to China was launched from Korea. Hence they either needed to take over entire Korea, or create a buffer.
They created a buffer. It still works today.

【回复】这说法不对。中国参战是为了阻止美国进入中国边境。上一次对中国的入侵是从韩国发动的。因此，他们要么需要接管整个朝鲜半岛，要么需要建立一个缓冲区。
他们建立了一个缓冲区，直到今天依然有效。

Colin Thompson
I would just add it was a failure of leadership. MacArthur was not the strategic genius he thought he was.I assume this happens because people don't want to damage MacArthur’s reputation as the American Caesar.

【回复】我只想补充一句，这是领导力的失败。麦克阿瑟并不是他自以为的战略天才。我认为这是因为人们不想损害麦克阿瑟作为美国凯撒的声誉。

Robert Young
I agree that McArthur is the one to blame. The war could have been won if he took his time and realized and planned for a Chinese response. Instead his bluster and foolishness came to the fore and thousands of our soldiers were wasted.

【回复】我同意麦克阿瑟是罪魁祸首。如果他从容不迫地意识到，并计划好中国的反应，这场战争本来是可以打赢的。相反，他的狂妄和愚蠢显露出来，我们成千上万的士兵白白牺牲了。

Jay Taikeff
Ridgeway is one of the most underrated generals in history. He took a defeated, retreating army cognizant that victory in the traditional sense would not be permitted by the political structure, and led them on an advance under the most difficult conditions. I am still awaiting the report that Truman ordered in the first weeks of the war about the viability of using the A Bomb. I think it is scheduled to be declassified in 2025!!

【回复】李奇微是历史上最被低估的将军之一。他带着一支溃败撤退的军队，认识到传统意义上的胜利是不会被政治结构所允许的，并且在最困难的条件下带领他们前进。我还在等杜鲁门在战争的前几个星期下令的关于使用原子弹的可行性的报告。我认为这份报告应该在2025年被解密出来！

Ivan Grysky
China had over 300,000 to now throw into the fight, technically they were not superior but that was of no concern. They overwhelmed the UN forces and so they had to retreat.
it ended in a statement because both sides achieved their goals. US came to the aid of its allie and repulsed an enemy attack. China help an Allie the same way. Both put back the same lines that they started with.

【回复】中国当时有超过30万人投入战斗，在技术上他们并不优越，但这并不重要。他们击败了联合国部队，所以不得不撤退。
因为双方都实现了自己的目标，所以以一份声明结束。美国援助了它的盟友，击退了敌人的进攻。中国以同样的方式帮助了盟友。两者都回到了战争前相同的边界。

Erik Orlow
BS. If the Chinese and NKs had defeated the forces of the US, SK, and lots of others there would be no South Korea.

【回复】扯淡。如果中国和朝鲜击败了美国、韩国和其他许多国家的军队，那韩国早就不复存在了。

Tianren Tan
SK would have gotten more if China and NK didn’t push back in the Summer of 1953 in its last offensive.

【回复】如果中国和朝鲜没有在1953年夏天的最后一次进攻中反击的话，韩国会得到更多的领土。

John Kanagaraj
True to the adage “An Army moves on its stomach”

【回复】正如谚语所说“军队靠肚子行动”

Garfield Farkle
If the Chinese army had defeated the U.S. Army, there would be no South Koreaduh.

【回复】如果中国军队打败了美国军队，就不会有韩国了。

Nathan Thomas
A loss is a loss. Even if America won all the battles, which they didn't. They lost the war.

【回复】失败就是失败。即使美国赢得了所有的战争，但他们没有。他们输掉了这场战争。

Benson Pe Chua
The USA side and Chinese will not both admit defeat as there was stalemate so korea was cut into 2 up to now. It’s the policy of the British and American ever since to divide and rule , like India and pakistan etc and the Middle East and Yugoslavia and so many countries - it’s the same policy to colonise.

【回复】美国方面和中国方面都不会承认失败，因为双方陷入了僵局，所以到目前为止朝鲜半岛被分成了两个阵营。这是英国和美国自那时以来的分而治之的政策，就像印度和巴基斯坦等国，中东和南斯拉夫等许多国家，这是同样的殖民政策。

Kunal Kar
Then that win goes to China only right. Cause if there some carelessness form US side still it was China who beat US. Same can be said for German.

【回复】那么这场胜利就只属于中国了。因为如果说美国有些粗心大意的话，结果还是中国打败了美国。同样的道理也适用于德国。
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Glen Broderick 30 Years Managing Technical Sales Channels
* Element of surprise.
* Willing to take a lot more losses.
* Shorter logistics lines. They were on their doorstep. We had to ship everything from the US.
* Even then they didn’t defeat us. They just pushed us to the 38th parallel. Which is where we started. In fact, I would say we won the war because the goal of both China and North Korea was to conquer all of Korea. They failed to accomplish their goal. We fought for three years and lost no ground, and were never defeated in battle.

【回答】三十年技术销售渠道管理
* 出其不意。
* 愿意承担更多损失。
* 更短的后勤线。就在他们的家门口。我们不得不从美国运输所有的东西。
* 即使如此，他们也没有打败我们。他们把我们推到了三八线。这就是我们开始的地方。事实上，我会说我们赢得了战争，因为中国和朝鲜的目标是征服整个朝鲜半岛。他们未能实现他们的目标。我们战斗了三年，没有失去任何阵地，也从未在战斗中被打败过。

Brian Valentine M.A. International Relations, Princeton University (2013)
Technically the Chinese Army was far more powerful…325k US troops vs ~1.5mm Chinese…
American, 5000miles away from homeland…
and MacArthur was relieved of command for suggesting attacking China…
Better question is how the hell did the US retake South Korea and prevent “the far more powerful” Chinese Army from holding all of Korea.

【回答】普林斯顿大学国际关系硕士(2013年)
严格来讲，中国军队要强大得多... 32.5万美国军队 vs 150万的中国军队...
美国人，离家5000英里...
麦克阿瑟因为建议攻击中国，而被解除指挥权...
更好的问题是：美国究竟是如何夺回韩国，并阻止“强大得多的”中国军队占领整个朝鲜半岛。

Naseem Shahnawaz
Unity, numbers of the soldier, courage, and wisdom.

【回答】
团结，士兵的数量，勇气和智慧。

Brian Hoang
who defeated who?, had truman not stopping gen. macarthur from pushing through china. china might be like japan today

【回答】
谁打败了谁？如果杜鲁门没有阻止麦克阿瑟将军进军中国。中国可能会像今天的日本。

Mark Damohn Ph.D. International Relations, University of Wales Swansea (1999)
Original Question - How did the Chinese Army defeat the far more powerful U.S. Army during the Korean War?
It didn’t. It pushed the UN forces back but did not defeat them. The US is still in Korea. We have different interpretations of the Korean War. Initially North Korea pushed South Korea and the UN forces back into the Pusan Perimeter. With MacArthur’s Inchon Invasion the North Korean Army disintegrated and fled back across the 38th Parallel. The UN forces followed almost to the Yalu River. Chinese forces crossed over and did initially push the UN forces back. Then it see-sawed back and forth.
Also, which country, South Korea or North Korea, has by far has the best economy and standard of living for its citizens. North Korea doesn’t even have electricity.

【回答】威尔士斯旺西大学国际关系博士(1999年)
最初的问题——在朝鲜战争期间，中国军队是如何打败强大得多的美国军队的？
并非如此。中国击退了联合国军队，但没有打败他们。美国军队仍在韩国。我们对朝鲜战争有不同的解释。最初，朝鲜将韩国和联合国军队推回釜山防线。随着麦克阿瑟的仁川登陆，朝鲜军队瓦解并逃回了三八线。联合国军队几乎追到了鸭绿江。接着中国军队越过边界，最初确实击退了联合国军队。然后就是拉锯战。
到目前为止，韩国和朝鲜哪个国家的经济和生活水平最好。朝鲜甚至连电都没有。

Chris Waters
Would the US allow China to invade Mexico and station troops right on their border?
We all know the answer.
China has shown nothing but patience, humility and restraint regarding it's border integrity.
And America is still fortifying it's ring of military based around China, again selling weopons to Taiwan. Perhaps China should arm Hawaii.

【回答】
美国会允许中国入侵墨西哥并在其边境部署军队吗？
我们都知道答案的。
中国在边境安全问题上表现出的只有耐心、谦逊和克制。
而美国仍在加强其在中国周边的军事基地，再次向台湾出售武器。或许中国应该武装夏威。