[2021-02-16]为什么中国只用了30年就成为世界上最富有的国家，而非洲仍如此贫穷和无足轻重?

Irin Shept Master of Traditionalist Theory (MTT)
While I beg to differ with the somewhat inaccurate label of “wealthiest country in the world”, the undeniable fact of the past half-century is that China has managed to escape bare-bones destitution in ways that Africa, in general, has not.
Why has this been the case?

【回答】传统主义理论硕士
虽然我不同意“世界上最富有的国家”这个有点不准确的标签，但过去半个世纪不可否认的事实是，中国成功摆脱了赤贫，而非洲总体上却没有做到这点。
为什么会出现这种情况？
最显而易见的答案是，中国是一个在威权统治下的统一的国家，而非洲是一个具有截然不同的文化和制度特征的国家集合体。
这种解释，虽然不是完全错误的，但却是对现实中高度复杂的现象的过度简化。毕竟，制度设置远非经济发展的唯一决定因素。

What about history, then? It cannot be denied that history plays a role in everything, but at the end of the day, it can only reveal so much. After all, both Africa and China were oppressed and subjugated by geopolitically and economically superior powers in the 19th and 20th centuries—namely Britain, France, and Japan. Why is it that China has overcome her grand humiliations with such unparalleled vigor and energy, while Africa remains, in many ways, a dire basket case?
The most convincing explanation, in my view, is cultural. I would like to stress, however, that the cultural explanation should not be considered to the exclusion of others.
Nonetheless, it is Culture that lies at the heart of the core principles, worldviews, and values that differentiates the sum total of humanity into a myriad of oftentimes irreconcilable societies.

那历史呢？不可否认，历史在一切事物中都发挥着作用，但归根结底，历史只能揭示这么多。毕竟，在19世纪和20世纪，非洲和中国都受到了地缘政治和经济优势大国——即英国、法国和日本的压迫和征服。为什么中国能以如此无与伦比的活力和精力战胜了这百年屈辱，而非洲在许多方面仍然是一个可怕的废墟？
在我看来，最有说服力的解释是文化。然而，我想强调的是，文化解释不应该被视为排斥其他解释。
尽管如此，文化是核心原则、世界观和价值观的内核所在，它将全人类区分为无数常常无法调和的社会。

I have spilled much digital ink on the rationality or irrationality of different religious-philosophical systems and their consequent implications on socio-economic evolution, so perhaps it helps to approach the issue from a slightly different angle.
The logic is actually quite simple.
China is a Civilization of Prestige. So is Western Christendom, Persia, Judaism, and even India.
Africa, on the other hand, is—collectively speaking—a cultural non-entity for all intents and purposes. Yes, there was the Great Timbuktu and the Great Zimbabwe, but African “Civilization” does not lend itself well to a rich reserve of historical memory because it simply does not exist on the same plane of sophistication like the civilizations of more evolved peoples.

我已经在不同宗教哲学体系的合理性或非理性，及其对社会经济演变的影响上花费大量的数码墨水了，因此，也许从稍微不同的角度来看待这个问题会有所帮助。
这个逻辑其实很简单。
中国是一个威望文明，西方基督教、波斯、犹太教，甚至印度也是。
另一方面，从总体上来说，从任何角度，非洲都不是一个文化实体。是的，曾经有过伟大的廷巴克图和伟大的津巴布韦，但是非洲的“文明”并没有很好地储存自己丰富的历史记忆，因为它根本不能像进化程度更高的民族文明一样存在于复杂的层面上。

Sure, there is tribal “pride" in belonging to the community of the Zulu or the community of the Bantu, but the African peoples understand, deep down, that their own attempts at Civilization do not suffice for a convincing counter-thesis against the mighty sword of Europe they have seen with their own eyes. The African peoples, without having to subject themselves to external prejudice or ridicule, know their inferiority intrinsically and feel it to the bottom of their hearts.
It is this quality that differentiates Africa from China on a fundamental level. Where Europe has Christ, Africa has…folk spirits? Ah…but where Europe has Aristotle, China has Confucius. Cultural Prestige is what allows the Chinese to mount a serious counter-thesis against the colonial oppression of the West, and fight for the mantle of success on the world stage. In sharp contradistinction to the African peoples, the Chinese understand that they inherit a Civilization every bit as rich and sophisticated as Western Civilization, if not more. And they have a proud history to stand upon, a history that reflects the full essence of what they are capable of achieving as a Nation.
That, dear reader, is what ultimately motivates a country—or a group of countries within the same cultural sphere—to excel. After all, the best predictor of future success, as the adage goes, is past success. And what past success can Africa draw upon? Is there any to be found?

当然，属于祖鲁族或班图族是部落的”骄傲”，但是非洲人民深知，他们自己文明的努力不足对抗他们亲眼所见的欧洲强大之剑。非洲人民即使不受外界的偏见或嘲笑，他们本身也知道自己的劣势，从心底感受到到自己的劣势。
正是这种特质让非洲从根本上有别于中国。欧洲有基督，非洲有... 民间神灵？啊... 但是欧洲有亚里士多德，中国有孔子。文化威望让中国人能够对抗西方殖民压迫，在世界舞台上为成功而战。与非洲人截然不同的是，中国人明白，他们所继承的文明与西方文明一样丰富和复杂，甚至更多。他们有一段值得骄傲的历史，这段历史充分反映了他们作为一个民族所能取得的成就。
亲爱的读者，正是这一点最终促使一个国家，或同一文化领域内的一群国家，脱颖而出。毕竟，正如谚语所说：预测未来成功的最好指标是过去的成功。非洲可以借鉴哪些过去的成功？有什么可以找到的？

Wenjie Piao
it didn't take China 30 years (even you only count years after the opening up), and China is not the wealthiest country in the world.
it took China 70 plus years to come to today. FYI, in 1978 before the opening up, China was already the 6th largest industrial country in the world. not sure why most, including you choose to ignore it. As a matter of fact, the backbone differentiates the economic structure of China and Africa was all built during the time you ignored. Think about it, in the 90s China isn't a more competitive place for labor price than Africa. Why the world industry chose to settle and accumulated in China, but not Africa?
africa and China is not comparable. Africa is not a single country, not even a single market. (hooray for Africa FTA)

【回答】
中国不是花30年的时间（即使你只算开放后的几年），中国也不是世界上最富有的国家。
中国花了70多年才走到今天。仅供参考，在1978年改革开放之前，中国已经是世界第六大工业国。不知道为什么大多数，包括你选择忽略这点。事实上，中国和非洲的经济结构核心差异，都是在你们忽视的时期建立起来的，而这些核心正是中国和非洲经济结构的不同之处。想想看，在90年代，中国的劳动力价格并不比非洲更具竞争力。为什么世界工业选择在中国定居和积累，而不是在非洲？
非洲和中国没有可比性。非洲不是一个单一的国家，甚至不是一个单一的市场。(为非洲自由贸易协定欢呼)

I'd say the most problematic for Africa, based on my limited knowledge about Africa, is not understanding the fact that what you can buy is eventually not what you own. very generally speaking.
I can't say Africa is insignificant, at least not in China's world view. Chinese foreign minister won't make a habit of visiting a insignificant place to start their working year for the past several decades. But yes, Africa's capacity is still very much limited.

基于我对非洲的有限了解，我认为对非洲来说最大的问题是，不理解这样一个事实：你能买到的终究不是你自己的。一般来说。
我不会说非洲不重要，至少在中国的世界观中是这样。不然在过去的几十年里，中国外交部长就不会养成去一个无关紧要的地方开始工作的习惯。但是没错，非洲的能力仍然非常有限。

Craig Stevenson
China isn’t the wealthiest country in the world by a long shot.
China’s control of its economy has disabled peer developers and degraded global development outside of China, because it can create resources and control markets in ways that attract the money, knowledge, investment and technology of global corporations to serve MNC markets around the world. This has degraded the development ability of all other poor developing countries.They can’t bring the weight that China can with the aid of the Worlds MNC’s in tow.

【回答】
中国远不是世界上最富有的国家。
中国对其经济的控制使得同行开发商无能为力，并削弱了中国以外的全球发展，因为中国可以创造资源，控制市场，吸引全球企业的资金、知识、投资和技术，为全球的跨国公司市场服务。这削弱了所有其他贫穷发展中国家的发展能力。他们不能带来影响力，而在世界跨国公司的帮助下，中国可以做到。

Bob MacKenzie former Business Owner, Manager. (1993-2020)
China became a unified country again in 1949 under a central government that had to take compete control of governmental affairs so that what little the country had left after WWII could be properly used to rebuild Chinese independence. There was no room for capitalist greed. Eventually the motivating properties of capitalism was worked into the system while the communist ideologies kept things in balance for the people. .Africa is a collection of more than 50 countries. They all have their own way of doing things with little or no cohesion and cooperation. Gadaffi tried to unify Africa but that was not to the liking of the US so he was eliminated. It seems Africa is being kept divided for foreign interests.

【回答】前企业主，经理（1993年-2020年）
在中央政府的领导下，中国在1949年再次成为一个统一的国家，它不得不接管政府事务，这样，二战后所剩无几的东西就可以用来重建中国的独立。那里容不得资本主义的贪婪。最终，资本主义的激励性质被纳入了体制内，而共产主义的意识形态则为人民保持了平衡。非洲由50多个国家组成。他们都有自己的做事方式，很少或根本没有凝聚力和合作。卡扎菲试图统一非洲，但是这不合美国的意愿，所以他被淘汰了。非洲似乎因为外国的利益而一直处于分裂状态。

Garrett Andrews
Simple really. Communist leadership in China was able to unify a large part of lands that were at times historically part of past Chinese empires and control outside influence over these regions. While far from a guarantee of Successful governance, not being unduly influenced from outside actors and being allowed to control its vast natural resources and socialist central planning have created the conditions that have allowed China to grow wealthy.
Africas lack of political unity, the fact that it’s resources tend to be owned and/or controlled by individuals residing in the industrialized west, subsidization of unpopular leaders who protect western/non-African financial interests and massive debts owned to western financial institutions prevent Africa and its citizens from making use of it’s great wealth

【回答】
原因非常简单。中国的共产党领导层能够统一历史上曾经是中国帝国的一大片土地，并控制外部势力对这些地区的影响。虽然这远非成功治理的保证，但使其不受外部势力的过度影响，而且有能力控制其庞大的自然资源和社会主义中央计划经济，这些都为中国的富裕发展创造了条件。
非洲缺乏政治上的统一，其资源往往是由居住在西方工业化国家的个人拥有或控制，给保护西方或非非洲国家金融利益的不受欢迎的领导人提供补贴，以及向西方金融机构欠下巨额债务，这些都阻碍了非洲及其公民利用其庞大的资源财富。

Lulonyo Africa lives in Africa
Africa has a long way to go: Too many countries have not yet achieved the type of reforms that can prevent dictatorship, corruption, and economic decline. Due to continued sectarian violence, weak and ineffective leadership, and lack of political will, countries like the Central African Republic, Eritrea, Somalia, and South Sudan remain saddled by poor-functioning governance structures.6 The absence of good governance in many African countries has been extremely damaging to the government’s corrective intervention role, particularly in the maintenance of peace and security, as well as the promotion of economic growth and the creation of the wealth needed to confront poverty and improve human development.

【回答】在非洲生活
非洲还有很长的路要走：太多的国家还没有实现可以防止独裁、腐败和经济衰退的改革。由于持续不断的宗派暴力、软弱无能的领导以及缺乏政治意愿，像中非共和国、厄立特里亚、索马里和南苏丹这样的国家仍然面临着运转不良的治理结构。许多非洲国家没有良好治理，极大地损害了政府的纠正干预作用，特别是在维持和平与安全，以及促进经济增长和创造战胜贫穷和改善人类发展所需的财富方面。

Jason Ford studied Computer Science at Howard University
How come it only took 30 years for China to become the wealthiest country in the world, but Africa is still so poor and insignificant?
* African is not a country.
* China has existed more than 30 years so technically, its taken 3,000 years for China to be the wealthiest Country.
* Thirdly, and most relivant, Africa for the last century (and counting) has be the piggy bank for the West. Africa has the most natural resources out of all Continents (once again, not a Country).

【回答】在霍华德大学学习计算机科学
为什么中国只用了30年就成为世界上最富有的国家，而非洲仍如此贫穷和微不足道?
1、非洲不是一个国家。
2、中国已经存在超过三十年了，所以从技术上来说，中国用了三千年才成为最富有的国家。
3、也是最相关的一点是，上个世纪以来(至今仍在持续) ，非洲一直是西方的储钱罐。非洲拥有所有大陆中最多的自然资源(再一次强调，不是一个国家)。
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Noel Kodhe
Thanks for your answer this qustions on China becoming wealthy in 30 years are becoming very common

【回复】感谢你的回答，关于中国在三十年内变得富有的问题已经变得非常普遍了。
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Venu Gopala Reddy
Because of their government it is leading the global market, they have rules for their own culture and languages, they go revolutionary at every thing,and keep focus on just capture the market not domestic but international. The people work faster. They have a rules like they wanted things to be done any case you compare politically/economically/they just focus on every thing they wanted to get. They can make cheap and duplicate products and sell get the money for their development.

【回答】
因为他们的政府是全球市场的领导者，他们有自己的文化和语言的规则，他们在每一件事情上都是革命性的，他们一直专注于占领国际市场而不是国内市场。人们工作效率很高。他们有一条规则，就是他们想把事情做好，无论你比较政治或经济方面，他们只是专注于他们想要做到的每一件事情。他们可以制造廉价的复制品，并通过销售获得发展所需的资金。

Tom Fessenden Six Sigma Black Belt (2009-present)
The United States in 2020 had a total wealth of $106,000 billion in contrast China had a total wealth of only $64,000 billion. That would mean it is not the wealthiest. If you looked at GDP per capita then Luxembourg would be number 1 with $109,602 and China would be number 59 with $10,839.
The only way China comes in number 1 is Total GDP by purchase power parity. In this model Int$24.16 and the US comes in second at Int$20.81. The reason this is so, is the low GDP per capita keeps prices low in China allowing the nations purchasing power to seem higher.

【回答】六西格玛黑带(2009年-至今)
2020年，美国的总财富为106万亿美元，而中国的总财富仅为64万亿美元。这就意味着它不是最富有的。如果按人均GDP计算，卢森堡以109,602美元位居第一，中国以10,839美元位居第59。
中国排名第一的唯一方式是按购买力平价计算的 GDP 总量。在这个模式中，中国为24.16万亿美元，美国为20.81万亿美元，位居第二。之所以如此，是因为中国低人均GDP使得物价保持在较低水平，使得国家的购买力看起来更高。

Lee Du Master Sustainable Env from University of the Free state,Bloemfontein (2019)
A lot of dynamics, fundamentally I think the Chinese civilization is much older than the African, China needed the spark (technology) while Africa needed first independence from colonialism (plunder of its resources) remember China supported Africa in decolonization, from Cape to Cairo that has taken over 300 years in modern times.

【回答】布隆方丹自由州大学 可持续环境硕士(2019年)
许多动态因素，从根本上来说，我认为中国文明比非洲文明要古老得多，中国需要星火(技术)，而非洲需要首先摆脱殖民主义(掠夺资源)的独立，记住中国支持非洲的非殖民化，从开普敦到开罗，近代以来已经持续了三百多年。

Terra Katchina PhD Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (2018)
Africa is not a country, it is a continent containing countries with varying degrees of economic success. Apples to oranges.

【回答】生态学与进化生物学博士(2018年)
非洲不是一个国家，而是一个包含不同程度经济成就的国家的大陆。苹果和橘子的区别。

Kancheepuram Narasimhan former aircraft instructor
China / India were developed countries even much much before European countries witnessed Industrial revolution. Africa was called DARK continent- unknown to world till beginning of 19th century.

【回答】前飞机教官
在欧洲国家发生工业革命之前，中国和印度就已经是发达国家了。而非洲被称为“黑暗大陆”，直到19世纪初才为人所知。

Esther John ADM (1998-present)
Africa is not as poor as it is broadcasted. Without Africa, major companies out there would collapsed due to lack of Raw materials.

【回答】ADM (1998年-至今)
非洲并不像报道的那样贫穷。如果没有非洲，那里的大公司将会因为缺乏原材料而倒闭。

Ashley Joshua, lives in South Africa (1972-present)
Good honest leadership, enforcement of laws, respect for laws, investment in education, hard work. Everything we lack in Africa.

【回答】住在南非（1972年-至今）
诚实守信的领袖，执行法律，尊重法律，投资教育，勤奋工作。这些都是我们非洲所缺乏的。

Dar Milli, Philosopher
China is one state. Africa is 51 states. One government vs 51 governments. That’s the reason.

【回答】哲学家
中国是一个国家，非洲是51个国家，一个政府 VS 51个政府，这就是原因。