[2020-06-19]福西称，美国的“反科学偏见”是个问题

The_bruce42
This is a much older problem than Covid-19.

这是一个比新冠病毒早得多的问题。

Crushnaut
The problem is anti-intellectualism:
There is a cult of ignorance in the United States, and there always has been. The strain of anti-intellectualism has been a constant thread winding its way through our political and cultural life, nurtured by the false notion that democracy means that "my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge."
Isaac Asimov, Column in Newsweek (21 January 1980)
Anti-intellectualism … first got its strong grip on our ways of thinking because it was fostered by an evangelical religion that also purveyed many humane and democratic sentiments. It made its way into our politics because it became associated with our passion for equality. It has become formidable in our education partly because our educational beliefs are evangelically egalitarian. Hence, as far as possible, our anti-intellectualism must be excised from the benevolent impulses upon which it lives by constant and delicate acts of intellectual surgery which spare these impulses themselves.
Richard Hofstadter, Anti-Intellectualism in American Life (1974), pp. 22-23
Unreason and anti-intellectualism abominate thought. Thinking implies disagreement; and disagreement implies nonconformity; and nonconformity implies heresy; and heresy implies disloyalty — so, obviously, thinking must be stopped. But shouting is not a substitute for thinking and reason is not the subversion but the salvation of freedom.
Adlai Stevenson, A Call to Greatness (1954), p. 99

问题在于反智主义：
在美国有一种对无知的狂热崇拜，而且一直如此。反智主义的压力一直贯穿着我们的政治和文化生活，这种压力源源不断地被一种错误的观念所滋养，即民主意味着“我的无知和你的知识一样好”
艾萨克 · 阿西莫夫《新闻周刊》专栏（1980年1月21日）
反智主义... 首先牢牢掌握了我们的思维方式，因为它是由一个福音派宗教培养起来的，这个宗教也传播了许多人道和民主的情感。它之所以进入我们的政治生活，是因为它与我们追求平等的热情联系在一起。它在我们的教育中已经变得举足轻重了，部分原因是我们的教育信仰是福音式的平等主义。所以，我们的反智主义必须从它赖以生存的仁慈冲动中清除，通过不断的、微妙的智力手术来阻止产生这些冲动。
理查德·霍夫施塔特《美国生活中的反智主义》1974年，第22-23页
非理性和反智主义痛恨的思考。思考意味着分歧，分歧意味着不一致; 不一致意味着异端; 异端意味着不忠，所以很明显，必须停止思考。但是呼喊并不能代替思考，理性不是颠覆，而是对自由的拯救。
阿德莱史蒂文森，《一个伟大的呼吁》1954年 ，99页

kirsion
Throw in Carl Sagan's quote too
"I have a foreboding of an America in my children's or grandchildren's time -- when the United States is a service and information economy; when nearly all the manufacturing industries have slipped away to other countries; when awesome technological powers are in the hands of a very few, and no one representing the public interest can even grasp the issues; when the people have lost the ability to set their own agendas or knowledgeably question those in authority; when, clutching our crystals and nervously consulting our horoscopes, our critical faculties in decline, unable to distinguish between what feels good and what's true, we slide, almost without noticing, back into superstition and darkness...
The dumbing down of American is most evident in the slow decay of substantive content in the enormously influential media, the 30 second sound bites (now down to 10 seconds or less), lowest common denominator programming, credulous presentations on pseudoscience and superstition, but especially a kind of celebration of ignorance"

还有卡尔 · 萨根（美国天文学家，科幻作家，著有《人类智力演化的推测》）的名言：
“我对我子女或孙辈时代的美国有一种预感——当美国是服务型和信息经济时；当几乎所有的制造业都转移到了其他国家时；当可怕的技术力量掌握在极少数人手中时；当代表公众利益的人甚至无法理解这些问题时；当人们失去了制定自己议程的能力或者对当权者提出质疑时；当我们紧紧地抓着水晶球，并紧张地请教占星术时，我们的批判能力在衰退，无法区分什么是好的什么是真的时，我们几乎不知不觉中，又滑回到迷信和黑暗时代之中...
美国人的弱智化最明显的表现，就是有巨大影响力的媒体的实质性内容慢慢衰减，30秒的声音片段(现在只有10秒或更短) ，最平庸的节目，对伪科学和迷信的轻信陈述，但特别是对无知的庆祝”

skeebidybop
God I miss Carl Sagan

上帝，我想念卡尔 · 萨根了

ellosunshine
And not just science. Anti truth bias. All these news organizations on private cable who are allowed to blatantly lie because they're "entertainment"

不仅仅是科学上的。还有反真相的偏见。所有这些私人新闻机构的有线电视上允许公然撒谎，因为他们是“娱乐”节目。

pennomi
I'd argue that's the same thing. Science is the pursuit of facts, in whatever form they may come.
It's just that some facts are firmer than others.

我认为这是一样的，科学是对事实的追求，无论事实以何种形式出现。
只是有些事实比其他的更有说服力。

sigma6d
Personally, I find that the most objectionable feature of the conservative attitude is its propensity to reject well-substantiated new knowledge because it dislikes some of the consequences which seem to follow from it—or, to put it bluntly, its obscurantism. I will not deny that scientists as much as others are given to fads and fashions and that we have much reason to be cautious in accepting the conclusions that they draw from their latest theories. But the reasons for our reluctance must themselves be rational and must be kept separate from our regret that the new theories upset our cherished beliefs.
— F.A. Hayek
I really have no quarrel particularly with the policemen. I can see the trouble they're in. They're hopelessly ignorant and terribly frightened. They believe everything they see on television, as most people in this country do. They are endlessly respectable, which means to say they are Saturday-night sinners. The country has got the police force it deserves, and of course if a policeman sees a black cat in what he considers a strange place he's going to stop him—and you know of course the black cat is going to get angry. And then somebody may die. But it's one of the results of the cultivation in this country of ignorance. Those cats in the Harlem street, those white cops; they are scared to death and they should be scared to death. But that's how black boys die, because the police are scared. And it's not the policemen's fault; it's the country's fault.
— James Baldwin (1968)

就我个人而言，我发现保守派的态度最令人反感的特点是，它倾向于拒绝有充分证据的新知识，因为它不喜欢由此产生的一些后果，或者直截了当地说，它的蒙昧主义。我不否认，科学家和其他人一样，热衷于时尚和潮流，我们有很多理由谨慎地接受他们从最新理论中得出的结论。但是我们不情愿的原因必须是理性的，必须区别看待与我们对新理论打乱我们所珍视的信念的遗憾。
——F.A.哈耶克
我真的没有什么好抱怨的，特别是对警察。我看得出他们的麻烦。他们无可救药的无知和极度的恐惧。他们和这个国家的大多数人一样，相信电视上看到的一切。 他们永远是值得尊敬的，这意味着他们是星期六晚上的罪人（和星期天早上的圣徒）。 这个国家已经拥有了相应的警力，当然，如果一名警察在一个他认为很奇怪的地方看到一个黑人，警察会阻止他，你当然知道这黑人会生气。然后有人可能会死。但这就是这个无知国家培养出来的结果之一。 那些在哈莱姆街区上的黑人，那些白人警察，他们都害怕死亡，他们也应该害怕死亡。但黑人男孩就是这样死的，因为警察很害怕。这不是警察的错，而是国家的错。
——詹姆斯 · 鲍德温(1968年)

jackandjill22
America specifically has a problem with this. Not just "vaguely historically".

美国在这方面特别有问题，而不仅仅是“模糊的历史”

nnomadic
Yes. As an American abroad it's embarrassing.

是的。作为一个在国外的美国人，这很让人尴尬。

AvernoCreates
Saying masks don't help at the start of the pandemic then encouraging them a month later doesn't really help though

在疫情大流行开始时说口罩没用，一个月后再鼓励他们戴口罩也没什么用了。

UnpronounceableEwe
It probably did lessen the initial run on medical-grade masks, and erode public trust in such proclamations at the same time :(

这可能确实降低了医用级口罩最初的销量，同时也削弱了公众对这类口罩的信任。

emsam466
Why use tested theories performed by highly educated scientists when you can just go by your gut? TOTALLY makes sense.

当你可以凭直觉行事的时候，为什么还要使用由受过高等教育的科学家提出的经过检验的理论呢？完全有道理

RrentTreznor
It unfortunately goes deeper than that. These people have a fundamental mistrust of any authoritative scientific figures. In their minds, science is used as a mere political and emotional tool to control the population into submission...usually at the direction of Big Pharma, the secret world order, Bill and Melinda Gates, you name it. And those are who are working for these headlining figures are either complicit or just as in the dark as the general population. So, any empirical data you show these people is immediately null and void, because it's tainted. On the other hand, a basement blogger who claims to have a PhD in biophysics can be trusted, because he's got no incentive to lie.

不幸的是，事情远不止这些。这些人根本不信任任何权威的科学数据。在他们看来，科学仅仅是一种政治和情感工具，用来控制人们，让人们屈服... 通常是大型制药公司、秘密世界秩序、比尔和梅琳达 · 盖茨等等你能想到的。那些为这些重要人物工作的人要么是同谋，要么就是和普通大众一样不知情。所以，任何你向这些人展示的经验数据，都是无效的，因为它已经被污染了。另一方面，一个声称自己拥有生物物理学博士学位的地下博主是可以信任的，因为他没有说谎的动机。

paone22
Isaac Asimov said this in 1980 and it still holds true 40 years later.
“There is a cult of ignorance in the United States, and there has always been. The strain of anti-intellectualism has been a constant thread winding its way through our political and cultural life, nurtured by the false notion that democracy means that 'my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge.”

艾萨克 · 阿西莫夫在1980年说过这句话，四十年后依然如此。
“在美国有一种对无知的狂热崇拜，而且一直如此。反智主义的压力一直贯穿着我们的政治和文化生活，这种压力源源不断地被一种错误的观念所滋养，即民主意味着“我的无知和你的知识一样好””

LisbonMoon
When I discuss the biggest difference between European and American way of life, THIS is it. It permeates everything and is in stark contrast to what was valued where I grew up (am European, live in America now).

当我讨论欧洲人和美国人生活方式的最大区别时，就是这个。它渗透到一切事物中，与我成长的地方(我是欧洲人，现在住在美国)的价值观形成了鲜明的对比。

McDutchie
Except that cult of ignorance has profoundly taken hold here in Europe as well. We have absolutely no reason to gloat.

不过，对无知狂热的崇拜在欧洲也深深扎根了。我们绝对没有理由幸灾乐祸。

PattythePlatypus
It might not be as pervasive, but it is there. Canada has shockingly high rates of climate change denial. You can find older people with professional degrees and jobs buying into conspiracies like this. It seems to me knowledge in itself does not mean a person is capable of rational or critical thinking.
The decrease in prosperity found in the traditional 1st world nations, plus the internet means this is not an American issue anymore. They are just a little ahead in the race.

它可能没有那么普遍，但它确实存在。 加拿大否定气候变化的比率高得吓人。那些接受过教育的人也是无法避免。你可以找到拥有专业学位和工作的老年人参与这样的阴谋。在我看来，知识本身并不意味着一个人有理性或批判性思维的能力。
传统的第一世界国家的经济衰退，再加上互联网，意味着这不再是美国的问题了。他们只是在比赛中稍微领先。

PattythePlatypus
I think it stems from hyper individualism and the uneccesary competition under our current way of life.

我认为这源于我们当前生活方式下的极端个人主义和毫无意义的竞争。

Sirerdrick64
Holy crap, that last bit of “my ignorance is just as good as your knowledge” freaked me out.
It puts a lot of things in perspective.

我的天，最后那句“我的无知和你的知识一样好”把我吓坏了。
这句话让很多事情变得合理了。

EHondaRousey
I bring this quote up alot whenever someone is wondering why everything is so terrible.

每当有人想知道为什么一切都那么糟糕的时候，我就会引用这句话。

Immortal-one
Can we call out the BS and state what religion all those anti-science idiots belong to?

我们能不能大声说出那些胡说八道反科学的白痴属于什么宗教？

TheSubterfuge
a basement blogger who claims to have a PhD in biophysics can be trusted, because he's got no incentive to lie.
On an unrelated note, you should buy my vitamins that will make you live longer. Link below

“一个自称拥有生物物理学博士学位的地下博主是可以信任的，因为他没有说谎的动机。”
另外，你应该购买我的维生素，这会让你活得更长，以下是链接：xxx

DangerousBill
Will I be beautiful too if I take your vitamins?

如果我吃了你的维生素，我也会变漂亮吗？

snpcam
Ah I was looking for this link

啊，我在找这个链接

PleasantRelease
I think all of the mask on or off boils down to, "i don't want to be bothered doing something different in my life." It's the height of selfishness. For them all they hear is, "you're likely to survive so they don't wear the mask because it's very little threat to them. They don't entertain the idea that IF they get infected, they may not know they're infected and go on to infect other people who MAY DIE.

我认为所有戴上或者摘下的口罩都可以归结为“我不想在我的生活中做一些与众不同的事情”自私到了极点。 对他们来说，他们所听到的是“你可能没事，所以他们不必戴面具，因为这对他们来说几乎没有威胁。”如果他们被感染了，他们可能不知道自己被感染了，然后继续感染其他可能会被他们害死的人。

Bulldog16
It’s selfishness pure and simple

这就是纯粹的自私

ChronicallyOwlish
We say this all the time in my house. The more I learn, the more liberal I grow, too.

在我的家里，我们总是这么说。我学得越多，我也会越自由。

true_paladin
So that's why I piss my parents off more and more every time I finish a semester of college and come home with opinions that make sense in 2020 and their outdated opinions make sense to then given their time growing up in the political climate of the 70s, 80s and 90s.

这就是为什么每当我上完一个学期的大学，带着2020年有意义的观点回到家里时，我父母老旧的观点会让我越来越生气的原因，他们在70年代、80年代和90年代的政治氛围中成长。

raisinbreadboard
They distrust science so much, while typing on their smart phones which was invented with SCIENCE and MATH and ENGINEERING
And driving their car / truck which also was created with, yup science math engineering.
Even the fucking OLED TV that they watch all day, was invented by scientists mathematicians and engineers.
So do they trust science when they wanna play Nintendo? But distrust it when either a politician or some random basement neckbeard on the internet tells them its evil?

他们非常不信任科学，然而会在智能手机上打字，而智能手机是由科学、数学和工程学创造出来的。
开着他们的汽车和卡车，这也是用科学数学工程创造出来的。
甚至他们整天看的OLED电视，也是由科学数学和工程创造的。
那么当他们想玩任天堂游戏的时候他们相信科学吗？但是，当一个政客或者在互联网上某个地下室里的大胡子，告诉他们任天堂是邪恶的时候，他们是否会不相信任天堂呢？

Kage9866
None of those points will ever change their minds.

这些观点都不会改变他们的想法。

myothercarisapickle
Are you me, arguing with my dad after he explicitly said "I don't believe in Science!"

你是在说我吗，在我爸爸明确地说“我不相信科学! ”之后，我和他的争论。

Arxhon
Without science humanity would be living in caves eating worms in the dark.

没有科学，人类就会生活在黑暗的洞穴里吃虫子。

hypermarv123
The cherry-picking of science is probably one of my biggest pet peeves. How can someone have no issue with computer science and engineering when posting on FB on their smart phone, yet have an issue with epidemiology or biology... ALL WHICH ARE RIGOROUSLY VETTED USING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD.

对科学的挑剔可能是我最讨厌的事情之一。为什么一个人在智能手机上发帖时，对计算机科学和工程学没有任何问题，却在流行病学或生物学上有问题... 所有这些都是用科学方法进行严格验证的。

BirdsArentImportant
I feel like the whole climate change thing already answered that question

我觉得整个气候变化的事情已经回答了这个问题

ResonantScanner
As a person who doesn’t blog and lives above ground with a PhD in biophysics I hate those people. So much.

作为一个不写博客，只有生物物理学博士学位的人，我非常讨厌这些人。非常。

DarkChocolatRaisinet
Which pisses me off so much, because they likely wouldn't be alive without scientists, the scientific method, and scientific progress. They wouldn't be posting on an internet. They wouldn't have a mini computer in their pocket.
We'd probably be fucking hunter-gatherers.

这让我非常生气，因为如果没有科学家、科学方法和科学进步，他们可能就活不了了。他们就不能在互联网上发帖。他们的口袋里也不会有一台迷你的电脑。
我们可能都会成为他X的原始人。

inthefade82
Its fascinating. Their food, guns, drugs, cars all made possible and improved by....SCIENCE.
Its like people think we are living in a video game world where shit magically spawns. That it doesn't take resources or time to manufacture.

他们的食物、枪支、毒品、汽车都是通过... 科学技术得以实现和改进的。
这就像人们认为我们生活在一个电子游戏的世界里，什么东西都是神奇地产生。它不需要资源或时间来生产。

Enoctagon
Well said!

说得好！

IrisMoroc
my gut says trust highly educated scientists and experts.

我的直觉告诉我要相信受过高等教育的科学家和专家。

RockosBos
The worst part is we live in a society where that can be taken as not sarcasm.

最糟糕的是，我们生活在一个这样的社会里，这并不是讽刺。

camaroqqq
Lol not serious at all, but my family really does disregard actual scientific studies but believe any random YouTube video explaining how the earth is flat

哈哈，一点都不严肃，但是我的家人确实忽视了实际的科学研究，却相信油管上任何一个解释地球是平的视频。

broglesby74
You're smoking crack if you think you know more than a physicist about quauntum mechanics,, more than a doctor about health or nore than a climatologist about the climate.
Do you realize these people spend their entire lives dedicated to their craft? You aren't going to have a better theory in their field of study.
Are scientists wrong at times? Yep. Did you or some businessman outsmart them? Nope.

如果你认为你比物理学家更了解量子力学，比医生更了解健康，比气候学家更了解气候，那你就是吸嗨了。
你是否意识到这些人一生都在致力于他们的知识？在他们的研究领域里，你不可能有更好的理论。
科学家有时候会犯错吗？会。你或者某个商人会比他们聪明吗？不会。

other_usernames_gone
The idea that a non scientist could know more than a scientist about their subject is ridiculous. Imagine applying that to literally any other job "I think I know more about woodworking than a carpenter because I've watched a few YouTube videos" sounds ridiculous

认为一个非科学家可能比一个科学家更了解他们的专业的想法，很荒谬。想象一下，如果把这心态应用到其他任何工作上，“我想我对木工的了解比木匠还多，因为我在油管上看过一些视频”这听起来很荒谬。

barley_wine
When I was growing up (I'm 40 now), my dad told me that if the class ever taught that evolution happened, I was to get up and walk out of the classroom. I'd get swats if I ever made below a B, but in this case I could get an F with no consequences.
Now, 30 years later he's convinced that Covid was created by Bill Gates to sell vaccinations / do implants or something, I just ignore him at this point. Apparently how else do you explain that Bill Gates warned about a flu like virus 5 years ago...
We have a serious anti-science bias in the US.

在我成长的过程中(现在我已经40岁了) ，我爸爸告诉我，如果班上有老师教我进化论，我就要起身走出教室。如果我的成绩低于B，我会被重打，但是那种情况，我得到F都不用承担任何后果。
现在，30年过去了，他确信新冠病毒是比尔 · 盖茨为了销售疫苗/做植入手术之类的东西而创造出来的，我只是当耳边风。显然，你怎么解释比尔 · 盖茨在5年前就警告过类似流感的病毒...
我们美国有严重的反科学偏见。

TheDevilsAdvokaat
I'm 57. My sister who is 1 year older is convinced that Bill Gates wants to microchip all of us, because she saw it on facebook....

我今年57岁。我姐姐比我大一岁，她确信比尔 · 盖茨想给我们所有人植入芯片，因为她在脸书上看到了这说法...

spook30
I'm 40 and I've been hearing that long before Facebook was a twinkle in the night sky.

我已经40岁了，早在脸书流行之前，我就已经听说过这句话。

ShadyNite
I have to tell my brother "if your source is a meme, I won't believe you"

我得告诉我弟弟”如果你的消息来源是个模因，我不会相信你的”

UnapproachableOnion
Isn’t it great to grow up and walk away from the nonsense whenever we want?

长大后，随时远离那些无意义的事情，这不是很棒吗？

barley_wine
For sure

当然

Howboutit85
Sounds like you have an anti science problem in your family.

听起来你家里有反科学的问题。

barley_wine
That's true, and I realize my family doesn't mean the entire US, but there's a certain segment of the US that thinks scientists are lying about covid 19, global warming, evolution, vaccinations, etc. Much of my family is on the extreme side, so I experience first hand extreme examples of this.

这是真的，我意识到我的家庭并不是指整个美国，但是有一部分美国人认为科学家在关于新冠疫情，全球变暖，进化论，疫苗接种等等方面撒谎。我家庭里的很多人都很极端，所以我亲身经历了这种极端的例子。

sleazyetriedtokillme
I’m 34. Mom is 53. I have the same problem. My mom is a middle school dropout (poor family, had to work) but I never thought she was stupid until antivax started making the rounds.
Nothing surprises me anymore. I asked her why the fuck Bill Gates needs microchips to track us when you carry around a damn cell phone EVERYWHERE and have Facebook installed on it? Her answer? I don’t know, it’s not the same as having a microchip in me. I feel like I’m living in a parallel universe where Idiocracy is prophetic...

我今年34岁。妈妈已经53岁了。我也有同样的问题。我的妈妈是一个中学辍学生(贫穷的家庭，不得不出来工作) ，但我从来没有认为她是愚蠢的，直到反疫苗论开始流传。
没有什么能再让我感到惊讶了。我问她为什么比尔 · 盖茨需要微芯片来跟踪我们，而你却随身携带着一部该死的手机，上面还安装了脸书？她的回答呢？“我不知道，但这和在我体内植入微芯片是不一样的。”我感觉自己生活在一个平行世界里，在这里“蠢蛋进化论”是预言...

wholesomethrowaway15
How old were you when you realized your family was crazy? I’m always amazed with people like you who can come out of that relatively normal.

当你意识到你的家人都疯了的时候，你多大了？ 我总是很惊讶像你这样的人能从相对正常的状态中走出来。

SapphireZephyr
Scientist: throws ball into the air
Scientist: This ball will eventually fall
Ball: falls
People: ThE ScIENtiSt iS maKINg tHe BalL FaLL.

科学家：把球抛向空中
科学家：这个球最终会掉下来的
球：落下
人们：是科学家让球掉下来的

slipstream808
Ignorance is convenient and blissful.

无知是方便和幸福的。

anonymous-housewife
i thin disdain for anyone else is the biggest problem of the moment. if you don't agree with someone on any topic or even over the slightest thing they become the "enemy"

我觉得目前最大的问题就是蔑视任何人。如果你不同意某人的任何观点，哪怕是最小的事情，他们就会成为你的“敌人”。

noodles1972
Dinosaurs never existed.

恐龙从未存在过。

Friedfoxfriend
Their bones were left here by god as a test to our faith. I legit have relatives who believe this

他们的骨头是上帝留在这里的，作为对我们信仰的考验。

sumofdeltah
Burn the witch!

烧死女巫！

ApoIIoCreed
If believed God was that deceitful and petty, I’d gladly go to hell to avoid dealing with that shit for eternity.

如果相信上帝是那样的虚伪和卑鄙，我会很高兴下地狱的，永远避免去处理那些狗屎。

ReverendDizzle
My in-laws think dinosaurs coexisted with humans 6,000 years ago.
To say the US has an anti-science bias problem is a huge understatement.

我的岳父岳母认为恐龙在六千年前和人类共存。
说美国存在反科学偏见的问题，实在是太轻描淡写了。

camaroqqq
Since the earth is only 6000 years old that is the only explanation. There is absolutely no other possibility that could explain it...

因为地球只有六千年的历史，这是唯一的解释。 绝对没有其他的可能性可以解释它..

noodles1972
It's strange because there is no doubt you have some of the smartest people on this planet, yet.....

这很奇怪，因为毫无疑问你们拥有这个星球上最聪明的人，然而...

real_loganation
Education is a problem in the US of A.

在美国，教育是个问题。

Guido41oh
Well when your leader is basically coming out saying "science man bad rabble rabble rabble" wtf do you expect people to do?

所以，当你的领导人基本上站出来说“科学家是乌合之众”时，你他妈的还希望人们怎么做？