[2020-03-11]中国建造的速度怎么会比其他国家快这么多呢？

Paul Denlinger , Have lived in China, Taiwan and Hong Kong; fluent in Mandarin (written, spoken)
* China has a population of 1.4 billion people
* The nation is led by the Chinese Communist Party, which has 90M members, whose membership are drawn from the elite in Chinese society as well as ordinary people.
* When there is a crisis, Party Central defines the crisis, and which people with what skills are needed, and immediately mobilizes them to go to the frontline to confront the crisis. Because the Party has total control over the society, it can get talent from all over, and they are ordered to drop whatever they are doing in order to fight the crisis. When there is a major crisis, as there is now with the Wuhan coronavirus crisis, the first people to be mobilized and sent to the frontlines are ALWAYS Chinese Communist Party members.

Paul Denlinger 曾在中国大陆、台湾和香港生活过，普通话(书面、口语)流利
* 中国有14亿人口
* 国家由中国GCD领导，中国GCD有9000万党员，其组成来自中国社会的精英和普通民众。
* 当发生危机时，党中央会对危机定义，需要哪些具备相关技能的人员，并立即动员他们前往前线应对危机。因为党对社会拥有完全的掌控，它可以从各个领域调动人才，并且命令他们暂停他们手头上的事情，来对抗危机。当发生重大危机时，就像现在发生的武汉冠状病毒危机一样，第一个被动员起来，并派往前线的，总是中国党员。

* The Party has eminent domain over the land of China; this means that they can take over any land in an emergency.
* For dealing with businesses and contractors, the party has final say in all business deals.
When there is a major crisis, the party members who are assigned are supposed to take control of the situation, and call in further resources according to the needs of the situation.
Because the party has this kind of control, and Chinese trust that it is acting in the interests of all Chinese, instead of a small group of people, China acts like a beehive or ant colony when it is attacked.
The party earned this trust by lifting 600M Chinese out of poverty in 40+ years.
Everyone acts together in their role to fight off the attack and attacker before it returns to normal life.
Of course, this is not how the western media depicts the Chinese Communist Party, but this is how most Chinese feel about it.

* 党对中国的国土拥有征用权，这意味着他们可以在紧急情况下征用任何土地。
* 在处理业务及承包商的事宜上，党对所有商业交易拥有最终决定权。
当发生重大危机时，被指派的党员应当掌握局势，并根据形势的需要调用更多的资源。
因为党有这样的控制权，而且中国人相信它是为了所有中国人的利益而行动的，而不是为了一小群人，所以中国在受到攻击时，就会像蜂巢或蚁群那样行动。
党在40多年的时间里，帮助6亿中国人脱离了贫困，从而赢得了这种信任。
每个人都以各自的角色一起行动，共同抵御攻击和攻击者，直到生活恢复正常。
当然，这不是西方媒体对中国GCD的描述，但这是大多数中国人的切身感受。

Lee Deek , knows Chinese
I am a Chinese, I think I can tell you my experience.
First, a large number of people, in the construction of a project, a large number of people provide a guarantee to shorten the construction time.
Second, people have to make money to maintain and improve their living standards. Usually, the Chinese people attach great importance to their families. In general, men are the income security of a family. In order to maintain their living standards, everyone is desperately making money to support their family. In the rural areas of China, both husbands and wives have to go to the city to work in order to feed their children to school. So, everyone will work hard.
Third, people have strong patriotic complex. They pay much attention to the command issued by the state, so people often work hard when they are building. This is a political task.

Lee Deek ，懂中文
我是一个中国人，我想我可以告诉你我的经历。
第一，有非常多的人，在一个项目的建设中，有大量的人就可以为缩短建设时间提供了保证。
第二，人们必须赚钱来维持和改善他们的生活水平。通常，中国人很重视他们的家庭。一般来说，男人是家庭的收入的保障。为了维持他们的生活水平，每个人都拼命挣钱养家。在中国的农村地区，丈夫和妻子都不得不去城市工作，以供养他们的孩子上学。所以，每个人都会努力工作。
第三，人们有强烈的爱国情结。他们非常重视国家发布的命令，所以人们在建设的时候经常会努力工作。这是一项政治任务。

Fourth, China's technology is also quite developed now. The development of science and technology is not necessarily shared with the rest of the world. Therefore, we are constantly upgrading equipment, and we will continue to accelerate the pace of construction.
Fifth, despite all this, there are still a lot of things that are actually bean curd residue projects. You just saw the results and didn't see the construction process, so they all praised the strong and fast construction capability of China.

第四，中国的技术现在也相当发达。 科学技术的发展并不一定与世界其他地区共享。因此，我们正在不断地升级设备，并将继续加快建设的步伐。
第五，尽管如此，还是有很多东西实际上是豆腐渣工程。你只是看到了结果，没有看到建设过程，所以他们都称赞中国强大和快速的建设能力。

Seth Oteng , Lived in China for 6 years
They have a couple of advantages to start with; they don't have to negotiate for land because the State owns it all. They don't have to have those pesky public reviews or do environmental impact statements. They just decide where they want to put a train, a skyscrapers, a supermarket or a road and do it.
But then the magic really starts. Because they have developed all of this amazing machinery to do it so quickly and efficiently. Look at the video below. The high speed rail network is elevated for much of its route to eliminate the need for level crossings.
In North America, precast bridge sections would be probably delivered by truck and lifted into place by cranes. In China, they developed this incredible truck that drives along the railbed, carrying a section of precast concrete railbed.

Seth Oteng ，在中国生活了6年
他们一开始就有几个优势；他们不必为土地谈判，因为国家拥有一切。他们不需要那些讨厌的公众评论或者环境影响报告。他们只是决定把火车、摩天大楼、超市或公路放在哪里，然后去做了。
但是奇迹真的开始了。因为他们已经开发了很多神奇的机器，来快速有效地完成建设工作。看看下面的视频，为了消除平交道口的需求，高速铁路网的大部分路线都是高架桥。
在北美，预制桥梁的部分可能会用卡车运送，用起重机吊装到位。在中国，他们开发了这种令人难以置信的机器，沿着轨道行驶，运载着一段预制混凝土路基。

With the precast acting as a counterweight, It telescopes out and drops legs onto the next pier, then slides the railbed out and drops it into place. lift up, roll back and then drive back to pick up the next section. Rinse and repeat. It's fantastic.
Then there are the roads. In North America, building a new bridge takes months, closing or restricting the highway under it the whole time. In Beijing, it was projected that the replacement of the Sanyuan Bridge would take two months; this would have been a serious problem for roads that are already crowded beyond North American comprehension. Here, they slid this one into place in 43 hours.

用预制件作为配重，它伸缩出来把腿放到下一个桥墩上，然后把路基滑出来，放置到位。抬起来缩回去，然后回去拿下一部分，冲洗接着重复。太棒了。
然后是道路方面。在北美，建造一座新的高架桥需要几个月的时间，需要关闭或限制桥下的高速公路。在北京，人们预计更换三元桥需要两个月的时间，对于已经拥挤到超出北美理解范围的道路来说，这将是一个严重的问题。但在这里，他们43小时内就把这个装好了。

It isn't all sweetness and light of course, perhaps a little more environmental oversight would be nice. But there is a lot to learn about rethinking construction processes, both for high rise buildings and for public infrastructure.
People comment about how lax safety standards are, and how crummy the buildings are.
The walls are super-insulated, the windows quadruple glazed and the air quality is extremely good. Really, if we want to build better infrastructure and more efficient green buildings, we could learn a lot by watching what is going on in China.

当然，这并不都是甜蜜和轻松的，也许多一点环境监督会更好。但是，对于高层建筑和公共基础设施的建设过程，我们还有很多需要重新思考的地方。
人们评论安全标准有多宽松，建筑有多糟糕。
但墙壁超级隔热，窗户是四层玻璃，空气质量也非常好。实际上，如果我们想要建造更好的基础设施和更高效的绿色建筑，我们可以通过观察中国正在进行的事情，来学到很多东西。

Min Yan , Knows China and experienced a lot of the world
China has a long tradition of organising people and managing society. The ability originated from the long agriculture history.
Many civilisations have the big flood legend. The Chinese version of the legend had no god, only mass of people working hard to finally subdue the flood under the leadership of Yu the Great. Another great Chinese story (real history, not legend) is Dujiangyan, the irrigation system for the Sichuan Basin developed more than 2200 years ago, and is still functioning today. Of course one should also remember the grand projects such as the Great Wall and the Grand Canal.
Dujiangyan
Such grand projects requires sophisticated organisation. Even 2500 years ago, China already started abandoning the aristocracy and developing the civil servant system. The system was refined many times, and lead to the establishment of the imperial examination system 1500 years ago. This meritocracy system enables China to be governed by the most capable people. The modern Chinese Communist Party should not be regarded as a party in the partisan sense, but is actually the organisation for selecting the most capable people to run the country, or play leadership role among the general public. This makes modern Chinese government the most able government in organising the mobilising people and resources to solve any problem.

Min Yan 了解中国，游历过世界很多地方
中国有着组织人民、管理社会的悠久传统。这种能力起源于悠久的农业历史。
许多文明都有大洪水的传说。中国版本的传说里没有神，只有大量的人民努力工作，最终在大禹的领导下征服了洪水。另一个伟大的中国故事（真实的历史，而不是传说）是都江堰，四川盆地的灌溉系统，发展于两千两百多年前，至今仍在运作。当然，人们也应该记住像长城和大运河这样的宏伟工程。
这样的大项目需要复杂的组织。 早在2500年前，中国就已经开始放弃贵族制，发展公务员制度。 这一制度经过多次改良，最终在1500年前建立了科举制度。 这种任人唯贤的制度，使中国能够由最有能力的人来管理。现代中国GCD不应该被视为党派意义上的政党，而实际上是选拔最有能力的人来治理国家，或者是在公众中发挥领导作用的组织。 这使得现代中国ZF成为最有能力组织人员和资源，来解决任何问题的政府。

Construct hospital for 1000 2019-nCoV patients in 10 days
China is also the biggest when you combine the population, the area, and the diversity (both culture and geographical). This creates the biggest demand for industry and service. The size makes the industry much more sophisticated and efficient than other countries. It also makes Chinese constructors the most experienced in the world.
Beipan River Bridge (one of several)

在10天内为1000名新冠肺炎患者建造医院
如果把人口、地域和多样性(文化和地理)结合起来看，中国也是最大的。 这就产生了对工业和服务的最大需求。 这种规模使得这种行业比其他国家的更加成熟和高效。这也使中国的施工人员成为世界上最有经验的施工人员。
北盘江大桥(数座桥之一)

Marcus Depaul , Senior R&D Project Manager
It really depends on what “things” you have in mind, yet where the difference is really big is infrastrucure, I will thus focus my attention on it first.
There are several reasons why it is much faster to build infrastructure in China, yet the main ones are political. Let us compare how China goes about building a new railway with, let´s say how Germany would do it.
* Feasibility study. China: we need to build this railway to develop that part of the country. Study done, or better, there is no real study, just a political decision to do so, end of story.Germany: first commissions, experts panels and consoultancy groups are established. To do so you need first budgetary approval for the study. If everything goes well after a couple of years you have a feasibility study which determines if the railway would really be profitable. Railways such as the one connecting to Xinjiang in China, which is loosing about 800 billion Yuan, would never have been built in Europe.

Marcus Depaul 、高级研发项目经理
这实际上取决于你心目中建造的“东西”是什么，然而，真正差别很大的是基础设施，因此我将首先把重点放在基础设施上面。
有几个原因可以解释为什么中国的基础设施建设要快得多，但主要原因还是政治因素。让我们比较一下中国是如何建设一条新铁路的，还有比较一下德国是如何建设的。
1、可行性研究。
中国：我们需要修建这条铁路来发展这个地区。研究做完了，或者更好，或者没有做真正的研究，只是一个政治决定这样做，事情结束。
德国：首先成立委员会、专家小组和咨询小组。要开始做时，你首先需要进行预算批准的研究。如果几年后一切顺利，你就有了一个可行性研究报告，它决定着铁路是否真的能盈利。中国连接新疆的铁路损失了大约8000亿元，像这样的铁路在欧洲是不可能建起来的。

* Environmental study. China: Environ.. what? Maybe, IF it does not conflict with the planned route there might be minor changes to save a scenery.Germany: several potential routes are taken into consideration. The environmental impact of each of them is taken into account. This might take a few years and be alone a reason to cancel the whole project.
* Expropiation rights. China: no issue what so ever. There is no private land property, if the government needs the land for the “greater good” it will revoke the lease. There are however compensations, or re-allocations at a fixed rate.Germany: each property over which the rail has to be constructed has to undergoe its own expropriation process. This might include law suits, collective actions, compensation at market value etc.. Some projects have failed in the past at this stage or have been delayed decated because of legal proceedings bound to it.

2、环境研究。
中国： 环境... 什么？也许，如果它与计划路线不冲突，可能会有一些小的变化，以保留风景。
德国：考虑了几条可能的路线。考虑了每一条路线对环境的影响。这可能需要几年的时间，也有可能成为取消整个项目的唯一理由。
3、补偿权。
中国：不是问题。那里土地不是私有财产，如果政府为了“更大的利益”需要土地，它将撤销租约。然而，也有补偿措施，或以固定费率重新分配。
德国：铁路建设所涉及的每一处房产，都必须遵循自己的征用程序。这可能包括法律诉讼，集体诉讼，按市场价补偿等。以前的一些项目有在这个阶段失败了，或者因为法律程序的约束而被推迟了。

* Political backlash.China: citizens of a region don´t like the project. That´s all right, as long as they keep it for themselves. There is little to no chance that this will influence the project. Germany: elections are on their way, people protest. What better way to boost consensus than to leverage on popular discontent for a project? The list of necessary infrastructure which has not been built in Europe for this reason is ver, very long. Especially if incineration or power plants are considered.
* ProcurementChina: generally a state company is appointed to deliver. Europe: a EU-wide procurement race must be published. Companies filing proposals must be schreened, licences checked etc.. etc… All this takes months, years if legal disputes ensue.

4、政治反冲。
中国：一个地区的居民不喜欢这个项目。没关系，他们自己留着就行。这几乎不可能影响到这个项目。
德国：选举即将举行，而民众抗议。利用民众对一个项目的不满，是最好的达成共识的方法。因为这个原因，在欧洲那些还没有建成的必要基础设施的清单非常非常长。特别是，如果考虑建设焚烧厂或发电厂的情况下。
5、采购。
中国：一般情况是指定国有公司来提供。
欧洲：欧盟范围内的采购竞拍必须公布。提交文件的公司必须经过审核，许可证必须检查等等... 如果法律纠纷紧随而来，那么这一切都需要数月甚至数年的时间。

* The project engineering.China: depending on the complexity, one or more engineering companies will be appointed for the design. Whatever cannot be engineered domestically will be purchased (making sure there is knowledge transfer in the process). Europe: back to procurement also for the engineering. Not to mention that also aestetics and visual environment integration will have to be approved.
* Clearing the track.China: straight forward, get the buldozzers, run them 24/7 and get it done. Europe: the clearing itself mist undergo tis own environmental study. Moreover when and how much noise can be made is also regulated. WOrk goes on for about 40h a week instead of the 100–150 of the Chinese counterpart.

6、工程项目。
中国：根据项目的复杂程度，将指定一家或多家工程公司进行设计。凡是在国内无法设计的，都会用购买的方式获得(确保在过程中有知识转移）
欧洲：回到采购上，这也是为了工程。更不用说，美学和视觉环境的整合也必须得到批准。
7、清理轨道。
中国：直截了当，找到一些推土机，让他们全天候工作，然后完成任务了。
欧洲：清理，本身就要接受环境研究。 此外，什么时候制造噪声和制造多大的噪声，都是受管制的。工作时间大约是每周40小时，而中国的工作时间是100到150小时。

* Construction.China: straight forward, just follow the plan.Germany: the reasons to suspend works are just limited by your immagination. Strikes, a new archeological site is found, a worker is injured, a new species of caterpillar is found in the vicinity, a legal proceeding for noise etc…
* InnaugurationChina: 2 years have passed, no one thinks of the budget spent and commuters can take their train.Germany: 20 years have past the railroad is finished. Yet the original plans do not sathisfy the new standards fo a complete restrcturation (which might take 5 years) is necessary. Everyone is fighting about why it went over budget. In the mean time several companies made losses because they did not get paid due to legal diatribes.

8、建设。
中国：直截了当，按计划行事。
德国：暂停工作的原因五花八门，只有你想不到，不会没有。罢工、发现新的遗迹、一名工人受伤、在附近发现新的毛毛虫品种、对噪音提起法律诉讼等等...
9、竣工。
中国：两年过去了，没有人考虑花费的预算，通勤者可以乘坐他们的火车了。
德国：二十年过去了，铁路已经完工了。然而，原本的计划并没有提到新的标准，因此有必要完全重整（这可能需要5年的时间）每个人都在争论它为什么超出了预算。与此同时，一些公司由于受到法律上的谴责，而没有得到赔偿，蒙受了损失。

* Aftermath:China: let´s think about the next infrastructure. Germany: let´s think about how we can make the whole thing more bureaocratic and complex the next time.
The Chinese way is, in many respects, less ethical, less environmentally friendly and more despotic. On the other hand it get things done, often efficiently. The irony is that even if there is likely more corruption in China, the cost of this corruption are dwarfed by the bureocratic costs we face in Europe.
Similar issues are also encountered by companies when developing new products. In my own experience in Europe it often takes more time (and money) to certify and approve a new product than the whole R&D, engineering and industrialization process. Let that sink in.
I am not stating that we should copy China by disregarding personal rights and the environment for economic profit (although, lets face it, to a lesser degree we are still doing it). However the West has woven itself into a bureocratic net which prevents it from moving forward and if nothing is done it will be left behind.

10、后续。
中国：让我们考虑下一个基础设施的建设。
德国：让我们考虑下一次我们该怎样才能让整个事情变得更加官僚化和复杂化。
在许多方面，中国的方式缺乏伦理道德，对待环境没有那么多的友善，会更加专制。但另一方面，它可以有效地完成任务。具有讽刺意味的是，即使中国可能有更多的腐败，但这种腐败的代价与我们在欧洲面临的官僚主义的代价相比，也是微不足道的。
公司在开发新产品时也会遇到类似的问题。根据我自己在欧洲的经验，认证和批准一个新产品往往比整个研发、工程和工业化过程花费更多的时间和金钱。让我们明白这一点。
我并不是说我们应该模仿中国，为了经济利益而无视个人权利和环境（尽管，让我们面对现实吧，在较小的程度上我们也仍在这样做）然而，西方国家已经将自己编织成官僚主义的网络，阻止自己前进的步伐，如果不采取任何行动，它将会被甩在后面。

Ting Zhang , Master Education&Chinese, Western Sydney University (2019)
I think there are two main reasons, material resources and human resources.
First, in China, it is convenient to build and produce things, from getting materials to skills. Many factories are gather around in one industrial area to make products. They would share orders to make it in time, or buy materials or parts of the products to save the costs.
For example, my friend has a juicer factory. His factory doesn’t really make cables of the juicers and he just buys the cables from another factory which is 100 meters away. In this way, he saves lots of costs in making cables. His factory saves the time and skills to make juicers. If next time others want to buy juicers parts, he will be the supplier.

Ting Zhang 、西悉尼大学中文与教育硕士(2019)
我认为有两个主要原因，物质资源和人力资源。
首先，在中国，从获得材料到技能，制造和生产东西都很方便。 许多工厂聚集在一个工业区生产产品。他们会分享订单以便及时生产，或者购买原材料或部分产品以节省成本。
例如，我的朋友有一家榨汁机工厂。他的工厂并没有真正生产榨汁机的电缆，他只是从100米外的另一家工厂购买电缆。通过这种方式，他节省了制造电缆的大量成本。也为他的工厂节省了制造榨汁机的时间和技术。如果下次其他人想要购买榨汁机部件，他将是供应商。

Second, the concept of living to work. Due to the big population of the country, there is never short in labours. The majority of the factory workers working without weekends, and even the factory bosses are the same. They have day and night shifts in working to keep the machines working 24/7. If you don’t want to work, others will replace you and you may not find another job easily.
In people’s mind, working is not just for a better life but part of life. Most of people live to work. This is one of the reasons that many people still keep working even after they get enough money to live a life. When is “enough”? Never. The loop is when young, people work for themselves and their parents, when become parents, work for children and even grand children…….Chinese have the habit of saving money. Work for money and work for saving.
You can also check out my blog article for more detailed information How manufacturing in China is faster than in other countries.

其次，把工作当作生活的理念。由于这个国家人口众多，劳动力从不短缺。大多数工厂的工人没有周末，甚至工厂老板也都是一样。他们白天和晚上轮班工作，以保证机器全天候运转。如果你不想工作，别人就会取代你，你可能很难找到另一份工作。
在人们的心目中，工作不仅仅是为了更好的生活，也是生活的一部分。 大多数人为工作而生活。 这就是为什么许多人即使有了足够的钱过自己的生活，仍然继续工作的原因之一。什么时候才是“足够了”？从来没有。年轻时为自己和父母工作，成为父母时，为子女甚至孙子女工作... 中国人有存钱的习惯。为钱而工作，为存钱而工作。
你也可以看看我的博客文章，了解更多关于中国制造业比其他国家更快的详细信息。

Kevin Anderson , lives in Tasmania, Australia
This video will give you some idea of how China, Chinese engineers, and Chinese labourers build sections of the “fast train network”.
Truly jaw dropping.
Engineers and surveyors can lay out the direction of the fast train track because land in China is easily resumed (“taken back”) because the traditional farmers and villagers do not own the land.
There is significant pushback from traditional landowners in Thailand and Indonesian against “One Belt One Road” fast train proposals, because in those two countries, their farmers own the land and cannot be easily dispossessed.

Kevin Anderson 住在澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚
这段视频会让你了解中国、中国工程师和中国工人是如何建设“快速列车网络”的，真的让人瞠目结舌。
工程师和测量员可以规划出高铁轨道的方向，中国的土地很容易收回，因为一般情况人们不拥有土地。
泰国和印度尼西亚的土地所有者，大力反对“一带一路”的高铁计划，因为在这两个国家，他们拥有土地，不容易被收回。

Statistics on industrial accidents in China are porous: often times if there is an industrial accident in China it is the labourer’s or worker’s fault.
In Australia, each industrial death at a workplace or associated with work, results in a “coronial inquiry” in which an independent magistrate (or similar) seeks to find out the reasons for the fatality. Invariably, there are recommendations made (worker training, workplace culture, deficiencies in design or equipment, management failings etc.). These are almost always “front page news”.

中国工业事故的统计数据是多方面的：在中国，如果发生工业事故，往往是劳动者或工人的过错。
在澳大利亚，工作场所或与工作有关的每一起工业死亡都会有“死因调查”，由独立治安法官（或类似法官）设法找出死亡原因。总会有人提出一些建议（员工培训、工作场所文化、设计或设备的缺陷、管理失败等等）这些几乎都是“头版新闻”。

Blair Korchinski , Truck Driver (2001-present)
Look at the Tesla Mega-Factory there.
We didn’t see a lot of the building process though, the parts controlled by government. Most places you need permits and lawyers and inspections and safety guys and bankers and there’s 2 or 3 levels of government to deal with and so on. Red tape is the price we pay for democracy and the advancements it brings.
Then there’s the capitalism part. You put out bids, choose the one you like. They have to arrange for the labour and materials.There’s contractors and sub-contractors and suppliers and truck drivers. That all takes time.
In China the government can say, “Here’s where you’re building it. We start Monday. They supply the workers, the materials, the permits, the inspections and everything else. All you have to do is supply the design and write the cheque. It streamlines the whole process.

Blair Korchinski 、货车司机(2001至今)
看看那里的特斯拉超级工厂。
虽然我们不能看到很多的建设过程，一部分是由政府控制的。大多数地方你需要许可证、律师、检查员、安全人员和银行家，还有二到三级政府要处理等等。繁文缛节是我们为民主及其带来的进步，所付出的代价。
然后是资本主义部分。 你可以投标，选择你喜欢的。 他们必须安排人力和物力。有承包商，分包商，供应商和卡车司机。这些都是需要时间的。
在中国，政府可以说，“这就是你建造的地方。我们星期一开工。他们提供工人、材料、许可证、检查和其他一切。你所要做的就是提供设计图纸和开出支票。它简化了整个过程。

Roy Lee , studied at Southeast University
Because to a certain extent, Chinese are just much more diligent and hardworking than other nationalities. As I can judge, this is the largest reason behind the phenomenon.
The shaping factors can be cultural and political.
As for Chinese culture, people have been influenced by Confucius from "Chunqiu" dynasty. Confucius calls for people to be motivated to study and work hard to realize theirs dreams of individuals, families and even the whole country.
For the institution and policies in China, labour union is not a powerful institute which shares little voice in governance. Therefore, the labour union which is often the representative of social labour owns weak bargaining power of the policy configuration.
Through ages, Chinese are just accustomed to the situation in respect of labour right and welfare. The thing is that Chinese are much more hardworking for their careers. Hence, there is no wonder that Chinese build things so much faster than other countries.

Roy Lee ，就读于东南大学
因为在某种程度上，中国人比其他民族的人更勤奋、更努力。 据我判断，这是这种现象背后的最大原因。
形成的因素可以是文化和政治上的。
就中国文化而言，从“春秋”时期开始，人们就受到孔子的影响。 孔子号召人们积极学习，努力工作，实现个人、家庭乃至整个国家的梦想。
就中国的制度和政策而言，工会并不是一个强有力的机构，在治理方面的发言权很少。 因此，工会经常作为社会劳动力的代表，在政策配置的议价能力较弱。
长期以来，中国人在劳动权利和福利方面已经习惯了这种状况。事实上，中国人在事业上更加努力。所以，难怪中国的建设速度比其他国家快得多。

Ralph Zhang , Master Mathematics & Finance, University of Science and Technology of China (2004)
1 very professional constructors and project managers . Last 20 years, China keeps developing its infrastructure, So a generation of professional constructors and project managers are trained.
2 sacrifice of personal health to achieve the goal. This is a situation of saving people, all the constructors know this. They are building the hospital for the people of their cities, their towns, their neighbors or even their relatives. One minute earlier, maybe one more person get saved in the future.
In a video, a journalist told us that some of the project managers did not sleep for 36 hrs. You guys maybe already heard the story that one doctor died because of non-stop working. Why people don’t rest? Because they know, if they have rest, more people will die.
Chinese speed is not something fabulous, not something glorious, it’s cruel and it’s Chinese’s sacrifice.

Ralph Zhang ，中国科学技术大学数学与金融硕士(2004)
1、非常专业的施工人员和项目经理。近20年来，中国不断发展基础设施，培养了一代专业的施工人员和项目经理。
2、牺牲个人健康以实现目标。这是一种救人的情况，所有的施工者都知道这一点。他们正在为他们的城市、城镇、邻居甚至亲戚建造医院。提前一分钟，也许未来会多救一个人。
在一段视频中，一位记者告诉我们，一些项目经理36小时没有睡觉。你们可能已经听说过一个医生因为不停的工作而死亡的故事。为什么人们不休息？因为他们知道，如果他们休息，就会有更多的人死去。
中国人的速度不是什么神话，也不是什么光荣的事，而是残酷，是中国人的牺牲。

Ryan Gillett
It’s essentially a communist country, so:
Cheap labour
No employment unions
No limits to working hours
less emphasis on the projects affect on the climate
less emphasis on health and safety
generally speaking, the construction is designed to be built for speed and not for longevity
you get the idea.. China has a quick and effective way of constructing, but its methods wouldn’t be allowed in many western countries

Ryan Gillett
它本质上是一个GCZY国家，所以：
廉价劳动力；
没有工会；
工作时间没有限制；
不太重视项目对气候的影响；
不太重视健康和安全；
一般来说，建筑的设计是为了速度，而不是为了长久使用。
你懂的...中国有一个快速有效的建设方式，但这方法在许多西方国家是不允许的。

Fred Xu , Teacher at University of Science and Technology of China
Wow……this is really a big big big question that is hardly to be answered in a few words. I would try my best with my awkward English…
* Decision Making
If you want to building something fast, you need to make your decisions fast. In China, there is an 2000-year authoritarian culture that everybody obey the leaders' order, so that the fast decision-making is possible. However, who gives the order need to be responsible for everything……fortunately, we have CCP takes all the responsibilities, unlimitedly.
2. Organization
Chinese community is always organized around someone who is authoritative, like the emperor in ancient China, the oldest one in a family, and the one has the highest position in a company. This is quite different from a so-called “democratic” organization, but more like a troop which has the highest efficiency
3. Resources

Fred Xu ，中国科学技术大学教师
哇... 这真是一个难以用几个字来回答的大问题。我会尽力用我那蹩脚的英语来回答...
1、决策
如果你想快速建立一些东西，你需要快速做出决定。在中国，有一种2000年的专制文化，每个人都服从领导人的命令，因此快速决策是可能做到的。然而，谁下命令，谁就要对一切负责... 幸运的是，GCD承担了所有的责任，没有限制。
2、组织
中国社会总是围绕着有权威的人组织起来的，就像中国古代的皇帝，或者家族中年纪最大的人，或者公司里最高职位的人。这不同于所谓的“民主”组织，而更像是一支效率最高的队伍。

In China, the most important resource - land - is state owned. And the most strategical resources are owned or controlled by state companies. All the resources can be put in a crisis without bargain.
4. Techniques and Experiences
If someone were building something everyday in the past 40 years and a lot of the projects were incredibly difficult as if they were miracles in human construction history, they would probably build everything faster than others.
5. Working Culture
Chinese workers are not the strongest ones, but they are the most endurable and disciplined ones in the world. They may work 7*24 for a few days, sleeping and eating on the construction site without seeing their families. They can live with just a bowl of rice and several drops of soy sauce. This culture is a thousand-year old tradition and make the foreigners working in China feel throat-cutting.
6. Human Resources
China has the largest educated and trained working force in the world. No one would doubt that, right?
A nation with the above 6 will build something faster than others, not only China.

3、资源
在中国，最重要的资源——土地，是国有的。而且最具战略性的资源是由国有企业拥有或控制的。所有的资源都可以毫无条件地投入危机之中。
4、技术和经验
如果有人在过去的40年里每天都在建造一些东西，而且很多东西都难以想象的困难，就像是人类建筑史上的奇迹一样，那么他们可能会比其他人建造得更快。
5、工作文化
中国工人不是最强壮的，但他们是世界上最能忍受的和纪律最严格的。他们可能会全天候工作几天，在建筑工地上吃住，不见家人。他们只需要一碗米饭和几滴酱油就可以生存。这种文化有着上千年的历史，让在中国工作的外国人感到非常痛苦。
6、人力资源
中国拥有世界上最大的受过教育和培训的劳动力。没人会怀疑这一点吧？
一个拥有以上6项特质的国家，将会比其他国家建设得更快，而不仅仅是中国。

Brian Knox , former Teacher of Social Studies in UK, Germany, SE Asia
They are using their large population to maximum effect. Just like the proverb, many hands make light work, they engage large numbers of experts on a project, so that is done in the minimum time possible.
They also have the Communist government, so that all permissions and sign-offs can be completed very quickly too. It is the ultimate dream for logistical speed.

Brian Knox ，曾任英国、德国、东南亚社会研究教师
他们正在最大限度地利用他们庞大的人口。正如谚语所说，人多力量大。他们雇佣大量的专家来完成一个项目，这样就可以在尽可能短的时间内完成。
他们还有GCD政府，所以所有的许可和签署也可以很快完成。这是物流速度的终极梦想。

Tony Dusk
There’s only one other country that can rival China’s building speed and that would be Japan.
Would have taken us months to get it done.

Tony Dusk
只有一个国家可以赶上中国的建设速度，那就是日本。
我们得花好几个月才能完成。

William Hedley, Works in International Infrastructure
Poor quality build, lack of concern for safety, lack of concern for the environment, lack of concern for the rights of their own people (I watched peoples homes in Shanghai being bulldozed in front of a new advancing elevated road), lack of governmental accountability.
I work in Africa a lot and the continent is full of low quality Chinese building which is often not fit for purpose but is delivered quickly; often in trade off for natural resources.

William Hedley, 国际基础设施工程
建筑质量差，不关心安全问题，不关心环境问题，不关心人们的权利（我看到过在一条新的高架道路前，一间在上海的房子被推倒），缺乏政府问责。
我在非洲工作了很长时间，那里到处都是低质量的中国建筑，这些建筑往往不适合使用，但交付很快，往往是为了换取自然资源而建。

William P. Kittredge, Professor of Public Policy at Chiang Mai University (2017-present)
There are no impediments to construction. In the EU and North America, historical and environmental impact statements, and citizen input clog up the process.
Heck the pesky citizens might actually get elected representatives to hold things up while they piss.
The Chinese government brooks no such interference or delay, making the entire process more efficient.

William P. Kittredge 泰国清迈大学公共政策教授(2017年 - 至今)
因为中国的建设没有任何障碍。在欧盟和北美，历史和环境影响报告，以及公民的投入阻碍了建设进程。
真见鬼，那些烦人的公民可能真的会在他们尿尿的时候，让选出来的代表把一切事情搞砸。
中国ZF不会容许这种干涉或拖延的，会让整个过程更有效率。

Nettuno Rossi, 5th year in China
I cannot talk of many other nation, but I can talk about mine.
China is faster for things like:
-more people. In China there about 2–3times the people there are here doing the same thing in every given moment
-more time. Chinese construction companies work often even during night, here they don’t work on Sunday, they work half day on Saturday, they don’t work if it rains.. and so on
There is the renovation of a piece of highway in my hometown, it takes more then one month for about 1–2km.. in China it would take probably less than a week (probably half.. or less).
Now probably there are other consideration like security/project/bureaucratic procedures and so on.. but what is visible is the working time and working force that is vastly different.

Nettuno Rossi, 在中国的第五年
我谈论不了许多其他国家，但我可以谈论我的国家。
中国在以下方面更为迅速：
更多的人。在中国，每时每刻都有两到三倍的人在做同样的事情。
更多时间。中国的建筑公司甚至经常在晚上工作，在我的国家，他们星期天不工作，星期六工作半天，如果下雨他们也不工作...等等，我的老家有一段高速公路正在翻修，大约1-2公里需要一个多月的时间... 而在中国，这可能需要不到一星期的时间（甚至可能是一半的时间...或更少）
现在可能还有其他的考虑因素，比如安全/项目/官僚程序等等... 但看得见的是，工作时间和工作强度的巨大差异。

Bonny Reinhard Immanuel, studied at Universitas Ma Chung (2015)
It’s massive and highly supported by advanced technology. The company where I work have more than 200 construction technology products than even I will have a hard time to remember all the names alone! The products are varied and designed to support the massive scale of the projects that being conducted in the country as a daily basis. Basically whatever you want to do, they have it in China.

Bonny Reinhard Immanuel，曾就读于印尼 玛中大学（2015）
他们的建筑规模庞大，并且有先进技术的高度支持。我工作的公司有200多种建筑技术产品，连我都很难记住所有的名字！产品多种多样，是为了支持该国日常开展的大规模项目。基本上，无论你想做什么，中国都有。

China construction technology has reached the point of City Information Modelling (CIM), which is a step ahead from BIM (Building Information Modelling) which is still being slowly implemented in other countries. Last June, I brought my Indonesian clients to visit the current pilot project of CIM in Qingdao, and the level of planning and details is like never before - the project management includes monitoring of every operation which enables the progress of construction to went seamlessly. Unlike the existing BIM project that monitoring 1 project and 1 tower at a time, this one is a whole 3 blocks of high rise buildings with integrated underground systems.

中国建筑技术已经达到了城市信息模型(CIM)的水平，比其他国家正在缓慢实施的建筑信息模型(BIM)领先一步。去年6月，我带着我的印尼客户参观了目前在青岛的CIM试点项目，项目的规划和细节达到了前所未有的水平——项目管理包括对每一个操作的监控，让施工进度能够无缝进行。不像现有的 BIM 项目，一次只能监控一个项目和一座塔楼，而这个项目是整整三个街区的高层建筑与综合地下系统。

Its a common knowledge that construction industry is one of the least technologically-advanced sector, seconded only by agriculture. China, with the huge size of its construction projects enable them to continuously developing their technology, both in terms of financial support generated and number of trials allowed.
Lets say that you’re developing a construction technology in Germany and testing it there, the number of projects to be used for your benchmark to perfecting your products will be diminutive compared with what the Chinese can do.

众所周知，建筑业是技术最落后的行业之一，仅次于农业。但中国的建设项目规模庞大，无论是在资金支持方面，还是在允许的试验数量方面，都使他们能够不断开发自己的技术。
假设你正在德国开发一项建筑技术，并在那里进行测试，但与中国人的能力相比，用于完善你的产品基准的项目数量将会少很多。

When we open our new offerings to the UK market and we saw what UK have for British construction industry, we left uninterested because we already have those in China, and nothing interesting left. We keep getting better by each hour passed, because we know that Chinese construction technology needs the best support to maintain the scale of construction conducted, and to ensure that every project is a success. As a result, its common for Chinese contractor to reach up to 24% profit per project due to the implementation of technology, while in South East Asia the profit can hardly reach 10%!
China knows that construction technology is the nerve to ensure their construction progress goes smoothly and they support it wholeheartedly

当我们向英国市场开放我们的新产品，看到了英国对英国建筑业的支持时，我们没有兴趣，因为我们在中国已经有这些了，没什么意思了。我们每时每刻都在进步，因为我们知道，中国的施工技术需要最好的支持，来维持施工的规模，并确保每一个项目的成功。因此，由于技术的实施，中国承包商每个项目的利润通常能达到24% ，而在东南亚，利润很难达到 10% ！
中国知道，施工技术是保证其施工顺利进行的神经，他们全心全意地支持施工技术。