[2019-12-16]中国的中小学生现在是世界上最聪明的了

彭博社内容概要：
Chinese students far out-stripped peers in every other country in a survey of reading, math and science ability, underscoring a reserve of future economic strength and the struggle of advanced economies to keep up.
“The quality of their schools today will feed into the strength of their economies tomorrow,” OECD Secretary General Angel Gurria said.

在经合组织一项关于阅读、数学和科学能力的调查中，中国学生远远超过了其他所有国家的同龄人，突显出中国未来经济实力的储备，以及发达经济体努力跟上的步伐。
经合组织秘书长安赫尔•古里亚说: “今天他们学校的质量将为明天的经济增长提供动力。”

The PISA study of 600,000 students in 79 countries shines a light on the difficulty of improving education, sometimes irrespective of the resources that are dedicated to it. That appears to be particularly problematic for OECD countries that have increased spending on primary and secondary students by more than 15% in the past decade.

国际学生评估项目对79个国家的600,000名学生进行了研究，揭示了各国改善教育的困难，有时忽略了专门用于教育的资源。对于经合组织国家来说，这似乎特别成问题，因为在过去的十年中，这些国家在中小学生身上的支出增加了15% 以上。

“It is disappointing that most OECD countries saw virtually no improvement in the performance of their students since PISA was first conducted in 2000,” Gurria said.

“令人失望的是，自2000年 国际学生评估项目 首次开展以来，大多数经合组织国家的学生成绩几乎没有任何改善”古里亚表示。

The report also highlights disparities in educational achievement depending on socio-economic background. In some countries, even where government spending on education is high, the background of a student still plays a significant role in their educational outcomes.

报告还强调了不同社会经济背景在教育成就方面的差异。在一些国家，即使政府在教育方面的支出很高，学生的背景仍然对他们的教育成果起着重要作用。

On average, 12% of the variation in student reading performance within each country was associated with socio-economic status. In several European countries, including France and Germany, that measure rises above 17%.

平均而言，每个国家学生阅读表现的差异在12%程度上与社会经济地位有关。在一些欧洲国家，包括法国和德国，这个数字超过了17% 。

网友评论：
God Parshuram
Afterall, Chinese are basically the smartest people on the planet. There brilliance is visible all around wherever they go.

毕竟，中国人基本上是地球上最聪明的人。 无论他们走到哪里，都能看到光芒。

beijingwalker
The west may claim that we Chinese put our kids in "concentration camps" and force them to study and learn.

西方国家可能会宣称，中国人把孩子送进了“集中营” ，强迫他们学习。

God Parshuram
Chinese are very smart. You can see the examples here on PDF.

中国人非常聪明。你可以在 PDF 中看到这些例子。

twocents
Interesting attempt at sarcasm. Have you noticed that India is one of those countries that does not appear on the map? Curious as to why? Here's the story. India did participate in Pisa test once some years ago. Of the dozens of partcipating countries India came out one spot above dead last. Indian government had a quick and easy solution to the problem---banning all future Pisa tests in India.

有意思的讽刺。你有没有注意到，印度在教育的地图上是没有出现的国家之一？想知道为什么吗？事情是这样的。印度确实在几年前参加过一次 国际学生评估项目 测试。 在数十个参与国中，印度排在倒数第一位。印度政府有一个快速简单的解决方案——禁止未来在印度进行所有国际学生评估项目的测试。

nang2
Don't read much into it. How smart children are doesn't really matter until they become adults when they will be truly tested.

不要想太多。孩子有多聪明并不重要，当他们长大成人，那时他们才会真正接受考验。

Paul2
I think West's flaw is too much distraction and "enrichment," second to them believing it doing anything good.
When I lived in Canada, I was first startled at sight of how they teach their children. It was first "wtf are they doing there?" Their primary schools are almost like kindergardens, and secondaries... children spent like half of the time doing brainless talkshops.
I believe China makes a serious error of judgement in copying Western style education.

我认为西方的缺点是太多的干扰，其次是他们相信这样做有好处。
当我住在加拿大的时候，我第一次看到他们是如何教育他们的孩子的，我感到很吃惊。就像是“卧槽？他们在那里做什么？”他们的小学几乎就像幼儿园，而中学... 孩子们一半的时间都花在了无脑的有声读物上。
我认为中国在模仿西式教育上犯了严重的判断错误。

Mista
Ehhh... That would imply that the standard of their 'mother tongue' would have decline as more kids speak English at home in Singapore nowadays, but the decline can't be captured by PISA tests.
Not sure it's exactly a good thing for us. Maintaining fluency in our mother tongues has is one of Singapore's toughest education challenge for decades, and Bilingualism has always been a cornerstone for Singapore's education since independence.

这就意味着随着新加坡现在越来越多的孩子在家里说英语，他们的母语水平将会下降，但是这种下降，国际学生评估项目测试不到。
不知道这对我们来说是不是好事。几十年来，保持母语的流利是新加坡面临的最严峻的教育挑战之一，自独立以来，双语一直是新加坡教育的基石。

Paul2
Take a look at Pakistan. From my impression of the country, Pakistani elites are more British in the brain than most of Britain's own citizens. What came out of that? I fear wrath of Pakistani members, but I'd say that Gen. Zia and Musharraf were products of their system... Not simply British educated, but elite British educated.
Take a look at LKY, his desire to be "like British" did not make him one. He sought acknowledgement from British and got a proverbial middle finger in return. He liked Britain to his own detriment.

看看巴基斯坦吧。在我对这个国家的印象中，巴基斯坦的精英比大多数英国公民的大脑更像英国人。结果是什么呢？ 虽然我担心巴基斯坦人会愤怒，但我要说，齐亚将军和穆沙拉夫是他们体制的产物... 不仅仅是受过英国教育，而是受过英国教育的精英。
看看李光耀，他想成为“英国人”的愿望并没有让他成为英国人。他向英国人寻求认可，却得到了国际通用手势“中指”作为回报。 他喜欢英国，而这对他自己不利。

I think he eventually realised that in his later life. In his early efforts to turn Singapore more British, he only managed to turn his government like so, while the nation went its own way for a decade or so. It took him 2 decades in power to finally do a U-turn on that.
Our own English mongers should stop and think too.

（接上）我想他在晚年终于意识到了这一点。 在他早期努力使新加坡变得更加英国化的过程中，他只成功的让他的政府变成如此，而这个国家在大约十年的时间里一直走自己的路。他花了20年的时间才最终在这个问题上做出180度大转弯。
我们国家自己的英语贩子也应该停下来思考。

Ministry of education, please, throw English out from GK. Either make English taught better across the country, and do objective exams, or don't do it at all. Grammar errors in an exam made by "PhD level" English majors is a joke.
I scored 68% on English with me constantly moving in between English and Chinese speaking countries, and having conversational English by, I think, my 10 yet somehow they had temerity to poke holes in my essay for its lack of "Englishness"

（接上）教育部，请把英语从 GK 剔除出去。 要么在全国范围内提高英语教学质量，做客观的考试，要么干脆不做。英语专业的“博士生”在考试中的语法错误简直就是笑话。
我的英语成绩是68% ，因为我经常在说英语和说汉语的国家之间来回奔波，而且我自认为，我的英语会话能力是10级，但不知怎么的，他们却冒失地在我的文章中指出我的文章缺乏“英国性”。

Foggy_Bottom
These tests are done in respective countries and when it comes to China they've been known to cheat the get the top ranking for the longest.

这些测试是在各自的国家进行的，而当涉及到中国的时候，他们已经被认为是作弊时间最长的了。

serenity
in 2012 China started joining these tests. Now they include many regions not just Shanghai and 2018 results still top. Next time Americans will say China cheats because China kids study harder. So petty minded to call inaccurate representation cheating. Now Beijing Jiangsu and Shanghai are represented. It's already a bigger number of test takers than USA. You want every single kid in China to take the test before you can call it not cheating. Hahaha this truly is something that doesn't matter since they are all children. Future performance is not measured at age 15. If people truly didn't care, they won't call China a cheater for choosing not to administer the exam to every single 15 year old in China.

在2012年，早些时候中国就开始加入这些测验。现在包括了许多地区，不仅仅是上海，而且2018年的结果仍居排行榜首位。下次美国人会说中国作弊，因为中国的孩子学习更努力了。如此心胸狭隘地称不准确的陈述为作弊。现在代表中国的北京、江苏和上海的考生人数已经超过了美国。你希望中国的每一个孩子都参加考试，然后你才能称之为没有作弊吗？哈哈哈，这真的不重要，因为他们都是孩子。未来的表现不是在15岁时决定的。如果人们真的不在乎，他们就不会称中国为作弊者，只因为中国没有对每一个15岁的孩子进行测试。

serenity
Choosing Shanghai to test the students is not cheating. very country will have to choose some kids to test. Most may choose a spread out random distribution but China choose Shanghai for earlier rounds. They have their purpose, you just assume the top ranking means anything. I assume they choose Shanghai back in 2012 because they want to first figure out how the Chinese wealthiest city perform compared to rest of the world. Then introduce new variables. Also much easier to administer because Shanghai region's infrastructure is more developed than countryside. Sure they could have picked any other big city but after 2012, they have introduced new variables. I think the purpose was not to just score the highest, but to figure out if there is credit to Shanghai system compared to rest of world and then see if other cities match.

选择上海来测试学生并不是作弊。每个国家都会选择一些孩子来测试。大多数人可能会选择分散的随机分布的学生，但中国选择上海作为前几轮。他们有他们的目的，你认为排名第一意味着什么。我猜想，他们在2012年选择上海，是因为他们希望首先弄清楚中国最富裕的城市与世界其它城市相比的表现是如何。然后引入新的变量。此外，由于上海地区的基础设施比农村更发达，因此管理起来也容易得多。当然，他们可以选择其他任何一个大城市，但2012年之后，他们引入了新的变量。我认为这样做的目的不仅仅是为了得到最高的分数，而是为了弄清楚上海的体系与世界其他城市相比是否可靠，然后看看其他城市是否能与之匹敌。

Mista
Actually other Chinese provinces took part in the tests too, but the Chinese government only allowed the release of Shanghai's score back then.
IMO it should be expanded and not replaced, but I guess because of the international media's attention on such tests PISA now is sort of a dick-measuring contest between countries.

实际上中国其他省份也参加了测试，但是中国只公布了上海的分数。
在我看来，国际学生评估项目应该扩大而不是取代，但是我想，由于国际媒体对这种测试的关注，国际学生评估项目现在有点像是国家之间的一种衡量标准的竞赛。

Kai Liu
For Chinese students, not just PISA, but all these kind of tests are nothing... While the Gaokao is the real hardcore battle, especially for student in provinces such as Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei, Shangdong, Jiangxi, Anhui, Henan, etc. etc... These provinces have the highest percentage of high scores in Gaokao...
I am trying to be modest and not to be racist here, but I can't:Chinese students' academic excellence comes from both inborn talent and hard working

对于中国学生来说，不仅仅是国际学生评估项目，所有这些测试都不算什么... 而高考才是真正的硬战，尤其是对于湖北、湖南、江苏、浙江、河北、 山东、江西、安徽、河南等省的学生来说...这些省份的高考成绩最高。
我尽量保持谦虚，不想成为种族主义者，但还是做不到：中国学生的优秀学习成绩来自与生俱来的天赋和勤奋。

somsak
I think new type of education needed for Creativity.
If you look at Youtube, there are a lot of Creative invention, which is valuable.
I saw many interesting garage built jet engines, IC fabrication, etc.
However, Asian students in general lacks this expertise.

我认为创造力需要新型的教育来培养。
如果你看看油管，你会发现有很多有创意的发明，这是很有价值的。
我看到许多有趣的：在车库里制造喷气发动机，集成电路等等。
然而，亚洲学生普遍缺乏这方面的专业知识。

Mista
You can't teach creativity. However you can leave room for creativity by de-emphasising on standardised tests. The key is how do you do it without compromising academic rigor.
It's a balance which Singapore's education reform for the past few years is trying to achieve, and I think it's still a work in progress. It's the culture which is hard to reform, Asian parents still very much emphasis on test scores even though the government is trying to blur the lines.

创造力不是教出来的。然而，你可以通过减少对标准化考试的重视，为创造力留出空间。关键是如何在不影响学术严谨性的情况下做到这一点。
这是新加坡过去几年的教育改革试图达到的一个平衡，我认为这仍然是一个正在进行的工作。这是一种难以改变的文化，尽管政府试图模糊界限，亚洲家长仍然非常重视考试成绩。

Manidabest
Chinese is a hard working nation

中国人是一个勤劳的民族

Moejaahied Bardien
Hopefully this dynamic will have a positive effect on the planet as it has done in China. Over the last few decades it has partly contributed to taking more than 800 million Chinese out of abject poverty.
The Chinese state leadership has developed this human STEM base to positively grow domestic and global economic growth. The emerging economies, of which China is one, help counter the negative effect of the US sub-prime mortgage recession.

希望这种动态将对地球产生积极影响，就像中国所做的那样。 在过去的几十年里，中国帮助8亿多中国人摆脱了赤贫。中国国家领导层已经开发了人类的STEM基础，以积极促进国内和全球经济增长。新兴经济体(中国就是其中之一)有助于抵消美国次贷危机的负面影响。

Healthy competition will help grow the global economy, hopefully making it more robust against global recessions.
If and when the BRI becomes a reality, growth in certain under developed parts of the planet will further contribute positively to global poverty reduction. This is definitely a better approach compared to that of the West. Tech extortion by the US will be less of a challenge in future.

（接上）健康的竞争将有助于促进全球经济增长，有望使其在应对全球经济衰退时更为强劲。
如果一带一路倡议成为现实，地球上某些欠发达地区的增长将进一步为全球减贫作出积极贡献。 与西方相比，这无疑是一个更好的方法。未来，美国的科技敲诈将不再是一个挑战。

Dan Pedersen
My kids have studied in both America and Asia. My kids currently live in Asia. My daughter is Thai-Chinese-American. My wife was one of Thailand's to ten graduates. To my surprise, my daughter obtained a perfect score on the national exam. I have also managed a couple companies in Asia.

我的孩子在美国和亚洲都学习过。我的孩子现在住在亚洲。我的女儿是泰国-中国-美国混血。 我的妻子是泰国十大学校之一的毕业生。我也在亚洲管理过几家公司。令我惊讶的是，我女儿在全国考试中取得了满分。

From my perspective:
Parents of Asian kids put more emphasis on grades. As such, Asian kids study to pass exams and work much harder than Americans. Right now, American kids receive better practical instruction. As such, American kids do much better in graduate school and in the workplace.
In time the Asian education system will improve and the American edge will disappear.
Honestly, the problem is not the American education system. The problem is apathetic parents that do not demand more from their kids and the education system.
In summary, America’s parents need to get more engaged.

（接上）在我看来：亚洲孩子的父母更注重孩子的成绩。因此，亚洲孩子学习是为了通过考试，而且比美国孩子学习更努力。而美国孩子得到了更好的实践指导。因此，美国孩子在研究生院和工作场所的表现要好得多。
随着时间的推移，亚洲的教育体系慢慢得到改善，美国的优势也将消失。
老实说，问题不在于美国的教育系统。问题在于冷漠的父母对孩子和教育系统的要求不高。
总之，美国的父母需要更多的参与孩子的教育。

Bruce Deitrick Price
Yes it does. The US is getting dumber.
But I had an interesting epiphany about this today. The media is saying American students are four grades behind Chinese students. I think our education experts are four years behind Chinese experts.
In short, it's our leadership that is defective, incompetent, addled, or subversive.
In short, we've got a lot of people more or less on the other side. But we let these people run our schools. For sure, this bodes ill for the West in terms of economic and technological competitiveness.

是的没错，美国越来越笨了。
但是今天我突然有一个有趣的顿悟。媒体上说美国学生比中国学生落后四个年级。但我认为我们的教育专家比中国的教育专家落后四年。
简而言之，是我们的领导层有缺陷、无能、混乱或颠覆。
简而言之，我们或多或少有很多人站在另一边。但我们让这些人来管理我们的学校，可以肯定的是，这对西方的经济和技术竞争力来说不是个好兆头。

Don Schley
While the US is concentrating on teaching the very lowest students to keep from being left behind, the Chinese are concentrating on seeing that their very best students are forging ahead. The impetus of democracy as always been against excellence and towards a kind of lowest-commpn-denominator performance. China is aiming at a meritocracy of talent。

尽管美国正专注于教育水平最低的学生不要落后，但中国人正专注于他们最优秀的学生奋力前进。民主的动力一如既往地反对优秀，朝着一种最低平均数的目标。中国的目标是人才精英管理。

Harry
Chinese over the 5,000 years of history is an early civilisation , just like Egypt , the Maya & Incas of south Americas , The Persian & Indian civilisation. That’s why Chinese has many invention over the thousand of years. It was reported that due to evolution Asian Chinese have a bigger brains by natural selection play a role. So Chinese culture & ancient Teachers/thoughts have molded into a smart & hardworking race are parallel with Indians . It about survival of a race of people.

中国在5000多年的历史上是一个早期的文明，就像埃及、南美洲的玛雅和印加、波斯和印度文明一样。这就是为什么中国人千百年来有许多发明。据报道，由于进化，亚洲华人的大脑更大，这是自然选择的结果。 因此，中国的古老文化已经被教师 / 思想塑造成一个聪明和勤奋的民族，与印度是一样的。它关系到一个民族的生存。

TheTruth
Indians are so fucking stupid at every level that they even failed to grasp the purpose of PISA, which was to help test the national education system so you could, uh, improve it.

印度人在各个方面都他妈的蠢，他们甚至没有领会到国际学生评估项目的真正目的，那就是帮助测试国家的教育系统，这样你就可以，呃，改进它。