[2023-12-28]Quora问答：为什么奥威尔的《1984》在中国没有被禁止？

Maxim Kazhenkov
Why would they? The message of 1984 falls in line with the official doctrine of Marxism and the workers’ revolution.
No, seriously, while Chinese economy has liberalized and become largely capitalistic over the last 40 years, political education has remained old-school Maoist. Primary school textbooks glorify and praise any revolution in the history of mankind into the heavens, whether justified or not. From Spartacus uprising to the American Revolutionary War, to the French Revolution, to Paris Commune, to the Indian Independence Movement, to various peasant rebellions in dynastical China, and of course actual Communist revolutions and uprisings around the world.
Even the Nationalist revolution of 1911 that preceded the Communists is highly praised; Sun Yat-Sen is seen as one of the founding fathers of both the Republic and the People’s Republic of China. He is credited with overthrowing the Qing government and the 5000 year old dynastic system in general.

【回答】
他们为什么要这样做？《1984》所传达的信息与马克思主义和工人革命的官方理论不谋而合。
不，说真的，在过去 40 年里，中国经济已经自由化，并在很大程度上实现了资本主义化，但政治教育却仍然是老派的毛思想。小学教科书把人类历史上的任何革命都美化到极致，无论是否合理。从斯巴达克斯起义到美国独立战争，到法国大革命，到巴黎公社，到印度独立运动，到中国王朝时期的各种农民起义，当然还有世界各地的共产主义革命和起义。
即使是共产党之前的 1911 年国民革命也受到高度赞扬；孙中山被视为民国和中华人民共和国的开国元勋之一。他推翻了清政府和五千年的王朝制度。

Sometimes it goes way too far, like in the case of Taiping Rebellion which was started by a scam artist who couldn’t pass the entry exam to become a bureaucrat himself and figured he should start a cult to overthrow the government; the rebellion ended up killing more people than WWI. Still, the rebellion is praised by Chinese history textbooks as a great but failed attempt to destroy the corrupt and feudal establishment in pursuit of an egalitarian society. The bottom line is: if you’re revolutionary, you’re on the right side of history in Chinese textbooks.
The contrast between anarchy and turmoil in the 60’s, and the stability and prosperity that exists today, is so obvious and self-explanatory that there is no need to ban books that infuse people with revolutionary ideals.

有时会做得过火，就像太平天国起义，起义者是一个骗子，他自己无法通过入仕考试成为官吏，于是就想成立一个邪教组织来推翻政府；这场起义最终造成的死亡人数超过了第一次世界大战。尽管如此，中国的历史教科书仍称赞这场叛乱是一次伟大但失败的尝试，旨在摧毁腐败的封建体制，追求平等社会。底线是：在中国教科书中，如果你是革命者，你就站在了历史的正确一边。
60 年代的无政府状态和动荡不安，与今天的稳定和繁荣之间的对比是如此明显，不言自明，以至于没有必要禁止向人们灌输革命理想的书籍。
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DAVID Zuo
Many Chinese students and netizens also have similar misunderstanding as you do concerning Chinese history textbooks’ attitude towards revolutionary events. For an instance, “various peasant rebellions in dynastical China” are in fact viewed with mixed opinions: courageous, but was confined by their peasants’ nature: they major leaders in such rebellions just intended to be another dictator.
I am quite sure about this because I had relevant exams, with questions about the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
.

【回复】关于中国历史教科书对革命事件的态度，许多中国学生和网民也存在与你类似的误解。例如，对 "中国历代农民起义 "的看法其实是褒贬不一：勇敢，但受限于农民的性质：他们的主要领导人只是想成为另一个独裁者。
我很确定这一点，我参加过相关的考试，有关于太平天国的考题。
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Robin Daverman World traveler
Why has Orwell's 1984 not been banned in China?
LOL. The Chinese government is actually far more honest about this sort of things than the Main Stream Media in the West.
It calls its own propaganda department the Ministry of Propaganda instead of Global News Outlet or White House Briefing. It tells you outright that it’s telling you their point of view. It never claims to be anything else.
It teaches all kids, as early as the seventh grade, that laws are made by the ruling class for its benefit, leveraging State Violence to achieve its goals.
By the time you enter high school, the Chinese would have textbooks teaching you that the Police and the Army are Instrument of State Violence. Starting a Revolution is the most patriotic thing to do, if you represent the interest of the majority of the people.

【回答】世界旅行者
为什么奥威尔的《1984》在中国没有被禁？
哈哈。实际上，中国政府在这类事情上比西方主流媒体要诚实得多。
它把自己的宣传部门称为 "宣传部"，而不是 "全球新闻"或 "白宫简报"。它直截了当地告诉你，它在告诉你他们的观点。它从不声称自己是别的什么。
早在七年级时，它就教导所有孩子，法律是统治阶级为其利益而制定并以国家强制力保证实施。
当你进入高中时，中国的教科书就会告诉你，警察和军队是国家的暴力工具。如果你代表了大多数人的利益，那么发动革命就是最爱国的事。

The Chinese tell their people that the legitimacy of a government comes from its commitment to Majority Interest. Like at least 90% of the people. Not the interest of PART(-y) of the people, but the vast majority of the people. We tell our voters that winner-take-all and screw the other party is what democracy is all about. So - have the citizens of Democrat persuasion stopped paying taxes or stopped being citizens after the Republican Party won, or what?
China is not the country who’s galloping on its ways to 1984. It’s not the one who calls domestic surveillance “Patriot Act”, taking away healthcare for millions of people as “the World’s Greatest Healthcare Plan”, monetary disputes with trading partners as “National Security Risk”, invasion of some random country as “Self Defense”, and installation of puppets as “Freedom”. Orwell himself probably would view those terms as too much of an exaggeration to be written into a novel.
The novel 1984 doesn’t even go as far as the official Chinese education itself, frankly. It’s pretty astonishing the Chinese government put into their official textbooks and painstakingly make sure every Chinese understand. In other countries all of those would be banned as “incitement and sedition”.

【接上】中国告诉他们的人民，一个政府的合法性来自于它对多数人利益的承诺。比如至少 90% 的人。不是一部分人的利益，而是绝大多数人的利益。我们告诉我们的选民，民主的真谛就是赢家通吃，把另一个政党搞垮。那么，在共和党获胜后，民主党的公民是不是就不再纳税或不再是公民了？
中国不是那个在通往《1984》的道路上飞奔的国家。它不会把国内监控称为 "爱国者法案"，把剥夺数百万人的医疗保健称为 "世界上最伟大的医疗保健计划"，把与贸易伙伴的货币争端称为 "国家安全风险"，把入侵某个不知名的国家称为 "自卫"，把安插傀儡称为 "自由"。奥威尔本人可能也会认为这些说法过于夸张，不适合写进小说里。
坦率地说，小说《1984》甚至没有达到中国官方教育本身的程度。令人深感震惊的是，中国政府将其写入官方教科书，并煞费苦心地确保每个中国人都能理解。而在其他国家，所有这些都会被视为“煽动和叛乱”而被禁止。
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Vincent Wu
China's history is basically a history of rebellions. The textbook tells students that each revolution is a progress, breaking old rules and keeping pace with the times.

【回复】中国的历史基本上就是一部起义史。教科书告诉学生，每一次革命都是一次进步，打破陈规，与时俱进。

Jackie Chan
You should also mention Winston Smith… I mean Edward Snowden.

【回复】你还应该提到温斯顿 · 史密斯... 我是说爱德华 · 斯诺登。

Jeremy Nowell
Without forgetting Winstons co-conspirators, I mean Julian Assange.

【回复】别忘了温斯顿的同谋，我是说朱利安 · 阿桑奇。

Twisted Dimension
Edward is more like Emmanuel Goldstein

【回复】爱德华更像伊曼纽尔 · 戈德斯坦

Li Ji
a little correction.
Laws are made by the ruling class. I learned that at grade 2 in middle school. Thar would be grade 7 in USA I think. ╰(*´︶`*)╯

【回复】稍作更正。
法律是由统治阶级制定的。我是在初二学到的。相当于美国的七年级吧。╰(*´︶`*)╯

Celine N
I learned it in my grade 1 of middle school, and I failed in the test

【回复】我在初一时学过，但考试挂了

Artiom Rombakh
“It calls its own propaganda department the Ministry of Propaganda” - is “propaganda” neutral word in Chinese language?

【回复】它把自己的宣传部门称为 “宣传部”——“propaganda”在中文里是中性词吗？

Kyle Zhang
Closest word that means “propaganda” in chinese is xuān chuán, it’s a neutral word, so department of propaganda really make sense to us. While semi-retarded when translated to English.

【回复】在中文里，与“propaganda”意思最接近的词是“宣传”（xuān chuán），这是一个中性词汇。因此，“宣传部门”在我们看来是有意义的。而直译成英文就不恰当了。（译者注：propaganda在英文里有贬义的意思）

Alexander Shmidke
They call it “raising awareness” in English to avoid using the term “propaganda”. Like “breast cancer awareness week”, etc.

【回复】为了避免使用 "propaganda”一词，他们在英语中称其为“提高认识”。比如 "乳腺癌提高认识周”等。

Don Johnson
Yeah, propaganda is a very poor translation for 宣传. Literally correct but missing the huge overtones in English.

【回复】是的，宣传翻译为“propaganda ”非常糟糕。字面意思是正确的，但缺少了英语中巨大的暗示。

Victor Yeh
“Propaganda” is also a neutral word in Latin. It just means publicity or spreading ideas. There still exists the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (Latin: Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide) in Rome. It is just modern dirty politics that has ruined this neutral word, and makes it sound derogatory in English.

【回复】“Propaganda”在拉丁语中也是一个中性词。它只表示宣传或传播思想的意思。在罗马仍然存在传播信仰的神圣会（拉丁语：Sacra Congregatio de Propaganda Fide）。只是现代肮脏的政治毁掉了这个中性词，使其在英语中听起来带有贬义。

Xiaolan Yang
haha，when I read my high school textbook，I was so shocked by its straight forward。But when I grow up，I understood what it writed is the truth。

【回复】哈哈，当我读高中课本的时候，我被里面内容的直截了当吓到了。 但当我长大后，我明白了它所写的是真理。

Renan Akamine
You write interesting things but why so many LOLs? They don't add anything.

【回复】你写的东西很有意思，但为什么这么多“哈哈”？没有任何意义。

Keith Yeung
LOL. Because laughter is the best medicine for this ever-changing world towards nativism and anti-intellectualism.

【回复】哈哈。因为对于这个不断走向本土主义和反智主义的瞬息万变的世界来说，笑是最佳良药。

Mike Wu
I think Robin gets so frustrated that if he does not laugh he'd cry.
I too, feel his passion and pain.

【回复】我觉得罗宾是太沮丧了，如果他不笑，他就会哭的。
我也能感受到他的激情和痛苦。

Robin Daverman
Me bad. :-)

【答主回复】是我的错 :-)

Saeed Doroudiani
… no, you very good, Robin. LOL.

【回复】...不，罗宾你很好。哈哈。

José Cordova
It is the best response to the dumbing-down effects of Americanism and Euro-centrism.

【回复】这是对美国主义和欧洲中心论的愚民效应的最好回应。

Shaun Lawson
I will grant you your points, but it is now the Publicity Department in English, thank you very much http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2012cpc/2012-11/21/content_15948773.htm

【回复】我同意你的观点，但现在英语是“Publicity Department（宣传部）”，非常感谢

Zhang Zhiheng
Because CPC really think the common people is the ruling class, so that it gave the education for rulers to common people which is only secretly taught within the ruling elites in other countries.

【回复】因为中共真的认为老百姓就是统治阶级，所以它把统治者的教育传授给了普通百姓，而这些教育只能在其他国家的统治精英中秘密传授。

Lif
As a chinese,I just started to wander how other countries to educate students about politics and history,since the Marxist Ideology I have learnt in school is really directly to explain government and other things.

【回复】作为一名中国人，我刚刚开始琢磨其他国家是怎么教育学生政治和历史的，因为我在学校学到的马克思主义思想，确实直接解释了政府和其他事情。

Sean Yu
Countries with a large population of religious people tend to educate their students in a religious way for both politics and history. China has the luck to be in the same time atheist and pragmatic, and most important has accepted the Marxism.

【回复】宗教人口众多的国家往往以宗教的方式教育学生政治和历史。中国有幸同时是无神论者和实用主义者，最重要的是接受了马克思主义。

Cerulany
Great... This answer let me rethink the 'weird craps' I have learned in highschool politics, and found them to be useful, finally. Not good looking, but helps to avoid some crippling confusion and dangerous narcissistic traps. Thank you!
And a quote by a former leader:
China is not a superpower, nor will she ever seek to be one... If one day China should change her color and turn into a superpower, if she too should play the tyrant in the world, and everywhere subject others to her bullying, aggression and exploitation, the people of the world should identify her as social-imperialist, expose it, oppose it and work together with the Chinese people to overthrow it.

【回复】太棒了... 这个回答让我重新思考了在高中政治中学到的“奇怪的废话”，终于发现它们有用了。虽然不好看，但有助于避免一些严重的困惑和危险的自恋陷阱。谢谢！
引用前任领导人说过的一句话：中国不是超级大国，也永远不会寻求成为超级大国... 如果中国有朝一日变了颜色，变成一个超级大国，也在世界上称王称霸，到处欺负人家，侵略人家，剥削人家，那么，世界人民就应当给中国戴上一顶社会帝国主义的帽子，就应当揭露它，反对它，并且同中国人民一道，打倒它。

Richard Pruett
An excellent answer highlighting, inter alia, the ever-more nauseating hypocrisy of the mainstream media in the West. Thankfully we now have the Internet, enabling us more easily to hear those voices crying from the wilderness. Yes, we now label as “un-American” and “treason” even thinking about revolution, just as we label as “tinfoil hat conspiracy theorists” anyone with the temerity to question the conclusions of the Warren Report regarding the assassination of Pres. Kennedy. The U.S. government hides its dictatorship behind the façade of a two-party system, while reposing ultimate power in a Deep State centered in the FBI and CIA and ultimately accountable only to the banksters controlling its ruling multinational corporations and media.

【回复】这是一个极好的回答，特别强调了西方主流媒体越来越让人恶心的虚伪性。幸好我们现在有了互联网，让我们更容易听到那些来自荒野的呐喊。是的，我们现在甚至连有革命想法的人都会被贴上“非美国”和 "叛国”的标签，就像我们把任何胆敢质疑沃伦报告中有关肯尼迪总统遇刺的结论的人都贴上“锡箔帽阴谋论者”的标签一样。美国政府将其独裁统治隐藏在两党制的幌子之下，同时将最终权力赋予以联邦调查局和中央情报局为中心的“深层政府”，最终只对控制其统治的跨国公司和媒体的银行家负责。

Amayasu Kado
You know these things too well. Seriously, aren’t you Chinese?

【回复】你太了解这些了。说真的，答主你不是中国人吗？

Rainow Lee
The political lessons in china is actually ‘Theory and practice of rebellion’

【回复】中国的政治课实际上是《起义的理论和实践》

Hu Youtien
Mao taught every Chinese the essence of politics and ways to not be fooled by glamorous nouns, which most Chinese already knew a bit.

【回复】毛泽东教会了每个中国人政治的本质，以及不被光鲜的名词所迷惑的方法，大多数中国人对此已经略知一二。
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Yuki Liu Works at AIESEC UNNC
If you can read Chinese, i suggest you have a look at Chinese standard political textbook and that book is much more “dangerous” （according to your understanding） than the 1984.

【回答】就职于 AIESEC UNNC
如果你能看懂中文，我建议你看看中国的标准政治教科书，那本书比《1984》更“危险”（根据你的理解）。

Ming Chan
CCP rarely ban anything regarded as pure fiction.
Actually there are many fiction works, produced by vocal critics of CCP(yes they do exist in China) get published, one famous example is 李可乐抗拆记（Li Kele against relocation). You can buy it from Chinese Amazon if interested.

【回答】
中共很少禁止任何被视为纯属虚构的东西。
事实上，有许多批评中共（是的，中国确实有这样的人）的小说作品得以出版，其中一个著名的例子是《李可乐抗拆记》。如有兴趣，你可以在亚马逊中文站买到。

Xiaolan Yang
I have read 1984 several years ago，But I find it is hard to understand it，because I've never lived in that society。（I was born in 1980s）
the world in Orwell's book was not China，He was referring to UK，or maybe something about Soviet Union。
I prefer the book "brave new world"，It accurately predicted the modern society——US、UK、China、japan and so on。
In fact, the book which was banned in China a long time is “One Hundred Years of Solitude”。why？Because the Chinese pirates have angered the author。
For China's Publishing Industry，Piracy is the most serious problem。

【回答】
几年前我读过《1984》，但感觉很难理解，因为我没有在那个社会生活过（我出生在 80 年代）。
奥威尔笔下的世界不是中国，他说的是英国，也可能是苏联。我更喜欢《美丽新世界》这本书，它准确地预言了现代社会——美国、英国、中国、日本等。
实际上，在中国被禁很久的一本书是《百年孤独》，为什么？因为中国的盗版激怒了作者。
对于中国出版业来说，盗版是最严重的问题。
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Yang Yang
One Hundred Years of Solitude is not banned. The Auther gave China copyright of that book only after 2010.http://zqb.cyol.com/html/2011-06/05/nw.D110000zgqnb_20110605_1-03.htm

【回复】《百年孤独》没有被禁。作者在 2010 年之后才将该书的版权给了中国。

Sal Strazzullo
1984 depicts a fictional country, probably based on an imaginary vision of how the Soviet Union would have become in that year. I don’t think China is exactly like that fictional country, however, there are many similarities.

【回复】《1984》描绘了一个虚构的国家，可能是基于对当年苏联会变成什么样子的想象。我不认为中国完全像那个虚构的国家，不过，有许多相似之处。
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Wei Zhang
Haha, so many people talking about why Chinese government banned 1984. But the truth is …..the book haven’t been banned in China.
This is a website in Taobao by searching for the book 1984 and other books of Orwell. You can see how many this book is on sell.
Seems western media is much more successful in brain-washing than the Chinese government.

【回答】
哈哈，很多人谈论中国为什么禁了《1984》。但事实上... 这本书在中国并没有被禁。
这是在淘宝搜索《1984》等奥威尔的书籍。你可以看到这本书的销量。
看来西方媒体在洗脑方面比中国成功得多。

Jacques Văn Khải Studied Learning Languages & Politics
I believe it was due just a book like that.
If you read, of course it focused in the other side world, not in this world though.
I don’t see much problem when they gonna read this. Because this book is just a fictional book and it has nothing related within then.
It seems like this book only focusing on how this Winston Smith guy work and how does he become later, a loyal man though.
And should China ban it? No.
Because I think Chinese people don’t even care on it. Nor the regime.

【回答】学习语言和政治
我想应该是这样一本书。
如果你读过，它当然关注的是另一个世界，而不是这个世界。
我不觉得他们读这本书有什么问题。这只是一本虚构的书，里面没有任何相关的内容。
这本书似乎只关注温斯顿-史密斯这个人的工作方式，以及他后来是如何成为一个忠诚的人。
中国应该禁止它吗？不。
因为我认为中国人根本不在乎这本书。政权也不在乎。

Wang Sisuo
Even Lady Chatterley’s lover which was banned in the UK is not banned in China. Also Rushdi, not banned. Orwell is a great author, well received in China.
What is more, the Chinese do not only read books written by English authors, they also read Russian, French, German, Japanese, Indian, Latin American authors a lot.
They do not read books that just belong to one ideology. They read classics. If a work can last, they will respect it.

【回答】
即使是在英国被禁的《查泰莱夫人的情人》，在中国也没有被禁。还有拉什迪，也没有被禁。奥威尔是一位伟大的作家，在中国很受欢迎。
更重要的是，中国人不仅读英国作家的书，他们还经常读俄罗斯、法国、德国、日本、印度和拉丁美洲作家的书。
他们不读只属于一种意识形态的书。他们读经典名著。如果一部作品能够经久不衰，他们就会尊重它。